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PMID: 10974127 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Search and discovery strategies for biotechnology: the paradigm shift.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR ·Vol. 64 ·No. 3 ·2000-09-00 ·Pages 573-606

Bull AT, Ward AC, Goodfellow M

Abstract

Profound changes are occurring in the strategies that biotechnology-based industries are deploying in the search for exploitable biology and to discover new products and develop new or improved processes. The advances that have been made in the past decade in areas such as combinatorial chemistry, combinatorial biosynthesis, metabolic pathway engineering, gene shuffling, and directed evolution of proteins have caused some companies to consider withdrawing from natural product screening. In this review we examine the paradigm shift from traditional biology to bioinformatics that is revolutionizing exploitable biology. We conclude that the reinvigorated means of detecting novel organisms, novel chemical structures, and novel biocatalytic activities will ensure that natural products will continue to be a primary resource for biotechnology. The paradigm shift has been driven by a convergence of complementary technologies, exemplified by DNA sequencing and amplification, genome sequencing and annotation, proteome analysis, and phenotypic inventorying, resulting in the establishment of huge databases that can be mined in order to generate useful knowledge such as the identity and characterization of organisms and the identity of biotechnology targets. Concurrently there have been major advances in understanding the extent of microbial diversity, how uncultured organisms might be grown, and how expression of the metabolic potential of microorganisms can be maximized. The integration of information from complementary databases presents a significant challenge. Such integration should facilitate answers to complex questions involving sequence, biochemical, physiological, taxonomic, and ecological information of the sort posed in exploitable biology. The paradigm shift which we discuss is not absolute in the sense that it will replace established microbiology; rather, it reinforces our view that innovative microbiology is essential for releasing the potential of microbial diversity for biotechnology penetration throughout industry. Various of these issues are considered with reference to deep-sea microbiology and biotechnology.

MeSH Terms
Biotechnology/methods,trends Microbiological Techniques Microbiology/trends Models, Biological Proteome
Chemicals
Proteome
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Bull A T
Research School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom. [email protected]
Ward A C
Goodfellow M
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
Abbr.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
ISSN
1092-2172
DOI
10.1128/MMBR.64.3.573-606.2000
Email
[email protected]
Published
2000-09-00
Pages
573-606
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9706653
PMCID
PMC99005
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.64.3.573-606.2000 PMC Full Text View journal details
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