Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 11560994 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

C1q and mannose binding lectin engagement of cell surface calreticulin and CD91 initiates macropinocytosis and uptake of apoptotic cells.

The Journal of experimental medicine ·Vol. 194 ·No. 6 ·2001-09-17 ·Pages 781-95

Ogden CA, deCathelineau A, Hoffmann PR, Bratton D, Ghebrehiwet B, Fadok VA, Henson PM

Abstract

Removal of apoptotic cells is essential for maintenance of tissue homeostasis, organogenesis, remodeling, development, and maintenance of the immune system, protection against neoplasia, and resolution of inflammation. The mechanisms of this removal involve recognition of the apoptotic cell surface and initiation of phagocytic uptake into a variety of cell types. Here we provide evidence that C1q and mannose binding lectin (MBL), a member of the collectin family of proteins, bind to apoptotic cells and stimulate ingestion of these by ligation on the phagocyte surface of the multifunctional protein, calreticulin (also known as the cC1qR), which in turn is bound to the endocytic receptor protein CD91, also known as the alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor. Use of these proteins provides another example of apoptotic cell clearance mediated by pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. Ingestion of the apoptotic cells through calreticulin/CD91 stimulation is further shown to involve the process of macropinocytosis, implicated as a primitive and relatively nonselective uptake mechanism for C1q- and MBL-enhanced engulfment of whole, intact apoptotic cells, as well as cell debris and foreign organisms to which these molecules may bind.

MeSH Terms
Apoptosis/immunology Calcium-Binding Proteins/immunology Calreticulin Carrier Proteins/immunology Cells, Cultured Collagen/immunology Collectins Complement C1q/immunology Humans Jurkat Cells Lectins/immunology Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Macrophages/immunology Monocytes/cytology Phagocytosis/immunology Pinocytosis/immunology Receptors, Immunologic/immunology Ribonucleoproteins/immunology Signal Transduction/immunology
Chemicals
Calcium-Binding Proteins Calreticulin Carrier Proteins Collectins Lectins Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Receptors, Immunologic Ribonucleoproteins Complement C1q Collagen
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ogden C A
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
deCathelineau A
Hoffmann P R
Bratton D
Ghebrehiwet B
Fadok V A
Henson P M
References (129)
129 references, click to expand
  1. Isolation, by partial pepsin digestion, of the three collagen-like regions present in subcomponent Clq of the first component of human complement.
    Biochem J. 1976 Apr 1;155(1):5-17 PMID: 7240
  2. Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. II. The interaction of macrophages with anti-immunoglobulin IgG-coated bone marrow-derived lymphocytes.
    J Exp Med. 1976 Sep 1;144(3):788-809 PMID: 1085341
  3. Macrophage heterogeneity.
    J Clin Lab Immunol. 1984 May;14(1):1-11 PMID: 6379184
  4. The lupus paradox.
    Nat Genet. 1998 May;19(1):3-4 PMID: 9590274
  5. Homozygous C1q deficiency causes glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies.
    Nat Genet. 1998 May;19(1):56-9 PMID: 9590289
  6. Complement C1q inhibits cellular spreading and stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity of fibroblasts.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1998 May;87(2):193-204 PMID: 9614935
  7. Association of variant alleles of mannose binding lectin with severity of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis: cohort study.
    BMJ. 1999 Oct 30;319(7218):1166-7 PMID: 10541506
  8. Modulation of cell surface expression of liver carbohydrate receptors during in vivo induction of apoptosis with lead nitrate.
    Cell Tissue Res. 1999 Oct;298(1):105-12 PMID: 10555544
  9. Calreticulin: one protein, one gene, many functions.
    Biochem J. 1999 Dec 1;344 Pt 2:281-92 PMID: 10567207
  10. Non-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory CD14 responses: CD14 in apoptosis.
    Chem Immunol. 2000;74:122-40 PMID: 10608085
  11. CD14-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells: relevance to the immune system.
    Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):27-34 PMID: 10679400
  12. Bi-directional signal transduction by integrin receptors.
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2000 Feb;32(2):171-88 PMID: 10687952
  13. Mutation of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene Mertk in the retinal dystrophic RCS rat.
    Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Mar 1;9(4):645-51 PMID: 10699188
  14. Collectins and pulmonary innate immunity.
    Immunol Rev. 2000 Feb;173:52-65 PMID: 10719667
  15. Staphylococcus aureus protein A recognizes platelet gC1qR/p33: a novel mechanism for staphylococcal interactions with platelets.
    Infect Immun. 2000 Apr;68(4):2061-8 PMID: 10722602
  16. Promotion of the uptake of PS liposomes and apoptotic cells by a product of growth arrest-specific gene, gas6.
    J Biochem. 2000 Mar;127(3):411-7 PMID: 10731712
  17. Systemic lupus erythematosus with C1q deficiency.
    Br J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;142(3):521-4 PMID: 10735963
  18. gC1q-R/p32, a C1q-binding protein, is a receptor for the InlB invasion protein of Listeria monocytogenes.
    EMBO J. 2000 Apr 3;19(7):1458-66 PMID: 10747014
  19. Apoptotic thymocyte clearance in scavenger receptor class A-deficient mice is apparently normal.
    J Immunol. 2000 May 1;164(9):4861-7 PMID: 10779795
  20. A receptor for phosphatidylserine-specific clearance of apoptotic cells.
    Nature. 2000 May 4;405(6782):85-90 PMID: 10811223
  21. C1q receptors.
    Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Jun;120(3):406-12 PMID: 10844516
  22. A hierarchical role for classical pathway complement proteins in the clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Aug 7;192(3):359-66 PMID: 10934224
  23. Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death.
    Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):784-8 PMID: 11048729
  24. Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver a partial maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NF-kappa B pathway.
    Int Immunol. 2000 Nov;12(11):1539-46 PMID: 11058573
  25. C-Reactive protein binds to apoptotic cells, protects the cells from assembly of the terminal complement components, and sustains an antiinflammatory innate immune response: implications for systemic autoimmunity.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Nov 6;192(9):1353-64 PMID: 11067883
  26. Recognizing death: liver phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
    Eur J Histochem. 2000;44(3):217-27 PMID: 11095093
  27. Anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies prevent the De-activation of platelets and sustain their phagocytic clearance.
    J Autoimmun. 2000 Dec;15(4):469-77 PMID: 11090246
  28. Homozygous deletion in the coding sequence of the c-mer gene in RCS rats unravels general mechanisms of physiological cell adhesion and apoptosis.
    Neurobiol Dis. 2000 Dec;7(6 Pt B):586-99 PMID: 11114258
  29. Opsonization of apoptotic cells. Implications for uptake and autoimmunity.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;926:226-35 PMID: 11193038
  30. CED-1 is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell corpse engulfment in C. elegans.
    Cell. 2001 Jan 12;104(1):43-56 PMID: 11163239
  31. Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and modulation by different cytokines: mechanism for removal of apoptotic cells in the inflamed nervous system.
    Glia. 2001 Jan;33(1):87-95 PMID: 11169794
  32. Surfactant protein A enhances alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils.
    J Immunol. 2001 Feb 15;166(4):2727-33 PMID: 11160338
  33. Complement dependent immune phagocytosis. I. Requirements for C'1, C'4, C'2, C'3.
    Exp Cell Res. 1968 Jul;51(1):45-67 PMID: 5661952
  34. Consumption of classical complement components by heart subcellular membranes in vitro and in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
    J Clin Invest. 1975 Sep;56(3):740-50 PMID: 808560
  35. Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. I. Requirements for circumferential attachment of particle-bound ligands to specific receptors on the macrophage plasma membrane.
    J Exp Med. 1975 Nov 1;142(5):1263-82 PMID: 1194852
  36. Modulation of multiple neutrophil functions by preparative methods or trace concentrations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
    Am J Pathol. 1985 Apr;119(1):101-10 PMID: 2984939
  37. Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis).
    Immunology. 1985 Oct;56(2):351-8 PMID: 3876985
  38. C1q receptor.
    Methods Enzymol. 1987;150:558-78 PMID: 3123878
  39. Absence of induction of IL-1 production in human monocytes by complement fragments.
    J Immunol. 1989 Jan 1;142(1):173-8 PMID: 2783323
  40. A human serum mannose-binding protein inhibits in vitro infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.
    J Exp Med. 1989 Jan 1;169(1):185-96 PMID: 2909656
  41. The C1q receptor.
    Mol Immunol. 1988 Nov;25(11):1067-73 PMID: 3265474
  42. Characterization of the human C1q receptor.
    Behring Inst Mitt. 1989 Jul;(84):216-9 PMID: 2679534
  43. The biosynthesis of C1q, the collagen-like and Fc-recognizing molecule of the complement system.
    Behring Inst Mitt. 1989 Jul;(84):32-41 PMID: 2679536
  44. Phagocytosis of aged human neutrophils by macrophages is mediated by a novel "charge-sensitive" recognition mechanism.
    J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1518-27 PMID: 2553775
  45. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rM-CSF) stimulates pinocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages.
    J Exp Med. 1989 Nov 1;170(5):1635-48 PMID: 2681516
  46. Interaction of C1q with its receptor on cultured cell lines induces an anti-proliferative response.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990 Jan;54(1):148-60 PMID: 2293904
  47. Modulation of platelet responses to collagen by Clq receptors.
    J Immunol. 1990 Jan 1;144(1):221-5 PMID: 2404063
  48. Human leukocyte C1q receptor binds other soluble proteins with collagen domains.
    J Exp Med. 1990 Sep 1;172(3):955-9 PMID: 2388038
  49. C1q receptor on murine cells.
    J Immunol. 1990 Sep 15;145(6):1754-60 PMID: 2391418
  50. Participation of C1q and its receptor in adherence of human diploid fibroblast.
    J Immunol. 1990 Oct 15;145(8):2520-6 PMID: 2212651
  51. Platelet C1q receptor interactions with collagen- and C1q-coated surfaces.
    J Immunol. 1990 Nov 1;145(9):2984-8 PMID: 2212670
  52. Complement component C1q and its receptor are involved in the interaction of human sperm with zona-free hamster eggs.
    Mol Reprod Dev. 1991 Jun;29(2):180-8 PMID: 1878225
  53. Genes required for the engulfment of cell corpses during programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans.
    Genetics. 1991 Sep;129(1):79-94 PMID: 1936965
  54. Phagocytic cell molecules that bind the collagen-like region of C1q. Involvement in the C1q-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 25;266(30):20345-55 PMID: 1939090
  55. Smooth muscle and epithelial cells express specific binding sites for the C1q component of complement.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1992 Apr;63(1):51-7 PMID: 1591883
  56. Signal transduction mechanisms of C1q-mediated superoxide production. Evidence for the involvement of temporally distinct staurosporine-insensitive and sensitive pathways.
    J Immunol. 1992 Jun 15;148(12):3920-8 PMID: 1318335
  57. M-CSF-induced macropinocytosis increases solute endocytosis but not receptor-mediated endocytosis in mouse macrophages.
    J Cell Sci. 1992 Aug;102 ( Pt 4):867-80 PMID: 1429898
  58. Different populations of macrophages use either the vitronectin receptor or the phosphatidylserine receptor to recognize and remove apoptotic cells.
    J Immunol. 1992 Dec 15;149(12):4029-35 PMID: 1281199
  59. Isolation of a human endothelial cell C1q receptor (C1qR).
    J Leukoc Biol. 1993 Feb;53(2):179-84 PMID: 8445329
  60. Structure and homology of human C1q receptor (collectin receptor).
    Immunology. 1993 Mar;78(3):341-8 PMID: 8478019
  61. Macropinosome maturation and fusion with tubular lysosomes in macrophages.
    J Cell Biol. 1993 Jun;121(5):1011-20 PMID: 8099075
  62. Localization of the receptor-binding site in the collectin family of proteins.
    Biochem J. 1993 Jul 1;293 ( Pt 1):15-9 PMID: 8328957
  63. Collectins, collectin receptors and the lectin pathway of complement activation.
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Aug;97 Suppl 2:4-9 PMID: 8070142
  64. Hereditary C1q deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    QJM. 1994 Aug;87(8):455-64 PMID: 7922299
  65. The multiligand alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2MR/LRP). Binding and endocytosis of fluid phase and membrane-associated ligands.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Sep 10;737:20-38 PMID: 7944146
  66. Mannose-binding protein gene polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan;38(1):110-4 PMID: 7818559
  67. Activation of the alternative pathway of human complement by apoptotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
    J Biochem. 1994 Oct;116(4):794-800 PMID: 7883753
  68. Identification of a gC1q-binding protein (gC1q-R) on the surface of human neutrophils. Subcellular localization and binding properties in comparison with the cC1q-R.
    J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1569-78 PMID: 7706463
  69. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by liver endothelial cells.
    J Cell Sci. 1995 Mar;108 ( Pt 3):967-73 PMID: 7622623
  70. The 94- to 97-kDa mouse macrophage membrane protein that recognizes oxidized low density lipoprotein and phosphatidylserine-rich liposomes is identical to macrosialin, the mouse homologue of human CD68.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9580-4 PMID: 7568176
  71. Mannose binding protein (MBP) enhances mononuclear phagocyte function via a receptor that contains the 126,000 M(r) component of the C1q receptor.
    Immunity. 1995 Oct;3(4):485-93 PMID: 7584139
  72. Collagen-like complement component C1q is a membrane protein of human monocyte-derived macrophages that mediates endocytosis.
    J Immunol. 1995 Dec 15;155(12):5795-802 PMID: 7499868
  73. Complement receptors in neutrophils.
    Crit Rev Immunol. 1995;15(2):107-31 PMID: 8573284
  74. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells possess binding sites for the globular domain of C1q.
    J Immunol. 1996 Nov 1;157(9):4154-8 PMID: 8892652
  75. Role for the class A macrophage scavenger receptor in the phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes in vitro.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 29;93(22):12456-60 PMID: 8901603
  76. The binding protein for globular heads of complement C1q, gC1qR. Functional expression and characterization as a novel vitronectin binding factor.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 25;271(43):26739-44 PMID: 8900153
  77. Mutation of gene of mannose-binding protein associated with chronic hepatitis B viral infection.
    Lancet. 1996 Nov 23;348(9039):1417-9 PMID: 8965590
  78. Localisation of the C1q binding site within C1q receptor/calreticulin.
    FEBS Lett. 1996 Nov 18;397(2-3):245-9 PMID: 8955356
  79. Mannose-binding protein genetic polymorphisms in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Dec;39(12):2046-51 PMID: 8961910
  80. cDNA cloning and primary structure analysis of C1qR(P), the human C1q/MBL/SPA receptor that mediates enhanced phagocytosis in vitro.
    Immunity. 1997 Feb;6(2):119-29 PMID: 9047234
  81. Calreticulin is essential for integrin-mediated calcium signalling and cell adhesion.
    Nature. 1997 Apr 24;386(6627):843-7 PMID: 9126744
  82. C1q binds directly and specifically to surface blebs of apoptotic human keratinocytes: complement deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus revisited.
    J Immunol. 1997 May 15;158(10):4525-8 PMID: 9144462
  83. The C1q-binding cell membrane proteins cC1q-R and gC1q-R are released from activated cells: subcellular distribution and immunochemical characterization.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Jul;84(1):17-26 PMID: 9191880
  84. Distribution of receptors of collagen and globular domains of C1q in human lung fibroblasts.
    Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 Jul;17(1):84-90 PMID: 9224213
  85. Evidence that the two C1q binding membrane proteins, gC1q-R and cC1q-R, associate to form a complex.
    J Immunol. 1997 Aug 1;159(3):1429-36 PMID: 9233640
  86. Complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) is a receptor for C1q.
    Immunity. 1997 Sep;7(3):345-55 PMID: 9324355
  87. The macrophage scavenger receptor type A is expressed by activated macrophages and protects the host against lethal endotoxic shock.
    J Exp Med. 1997 Nov 3;186(9):1431-9 PMID: 9348300
  88. Recognition and phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis.
    Br Med Bull. 1997;53(3):491-508 PMID: 9374033
  89. The coated pit and macropinocytic pathways serve distinct endosome populations.
    J Cell Biol. 1994 Mar;124(5):689-703 PMID: 8120092
  90. Collectins: collagenous C-type lectins of the innate immune defense system.
    Immunol Today. 1994 Feb;15(2):67-74 PMID: 8155265
  91. C1qRP, the C1q receptor that enhances phagocytosis, is detected specifically in human cells of myeloid lineage, endothelial cells, and platelets.
    J Immunol. 1998 Feb 15;160(4):1929-35 PMID: 9469455
  92. The C1q and collectin binding site within C1q receptor (cell surface calreticulin).
    Immunopharmacology. 1997 Dec;38(1-2):73-80 PMID: 9476117
  93. Anti-C1q receptor/calreticulin autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1998 Feb;111(2):359-64 PMID: 9486404
  94. The multiligand-binding protein gC1qR, putative C1q receptor, is a mitochondrial protein.
    J Immunol. 1998 Apr 1;160(7):3534-42 PMID: 9531316
  95. Characterization of the murine gene of gC1qBP, a novel cell protein that binds the globular heads of C1q, vitronectin, high molecular weight kininogen and factor XII.
    Gene. 1998 Mar 16;209(1-2):229-37 PMID: 9524273
  96. Human CD14 mediates recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
    Nature. 1998 Apr 2;392(6675):505-9 PMID: 9548256
  97. Detection of complement C1q receptors on human spermatozoa.
    J Reprod Immunol. 1998 Apr;38(1):1-14 PMID: 9616874
  98. Systemic exposure to irradiated apoptotic cells induces autoantibody production.
    J Exp Med. 1998 Jul 20;188(2):387-92 PMID: 9670050
  99. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 mediates phagocytosis of aged/apoptotic cells in endothelial cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9535-40 PMID: 9689115
  100. Calreticulin.
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 May;30(5):553-8 PMID: 9693955
  101. Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system.
    Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998 Jul;54(7):628-40 PMID: 9711230
  102. Apoptosis: getting rid of the bodies.
    Curr Biol. 1998 Sep 24;8(19):R693-5 PMID: 9768356
  103. Structural aspects of collectins and receptors for collectins.
    Immunobiology. 1998 Aug;199(2):165-89 PMID: 9777404
  104. Interaction of C1q and the collectins with the potential receptors calreticulin (cC1qR/collectin receptor) and megalin.
    Immunobiology. 1998 Aug;199(2):208-24 PMID: 9777407
  105. Structure and function of gC1q-R: a multiligand binding cellular protein.
    Immunobiology. 1998 Aug;199(2):225-38 PMID: 9777408
  106. C1q receptors: regulating specific functions of phagocytic cells.
    Immunobiology. 1998 Aug;199(2):250-64 PMID: 9777410
  107. Molecular basis of hereditary C1q deficiency.
    Immunobiology. 1998 Aug;199(2):286-94 PMID: 9777412
  108. CD36 is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by human macrophages that use either a phosphatidylserine receptor or the vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 3).
    J Immunol. 1998 Dec 1;161(11):6250-7 PMID: 9834113
  109. C1q--how many functions? How many receptors?
    Trends Cell Biol. 1998 Nov;8(11):428-31 PMID: 9854308
  110. Complement-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells by human macrophages.
    J Exp Med. 1998 Dec 21;188(12):2313-20 PMID: 9858517
  111. Genetic susceptibility to lupus nephritis.
    Lupus. 1998;7(9):585-90 PMID: 9884094
  112. Evidence that C1q binds specifically to CH2-like immunoglobulin gamma motifs present in the autoantigen calreticulin and interferes with complement activation.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 22;37(51):17865-74 PMID: 9922153
  113. Endothelial liver cell recognition of apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes.
    Biochem Soc Trans. 1998 Nov;26(4):635-9 PMID: 10047796
  114. Roles of ICAM-3 and CD14 in the recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
    Biochem Soc Trans. 1998 Nov;26(4):644-9 PMID: 10047798
  115. Regulation of human lung fibroblast C1q-receptors by transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
    Exp Lung Res. 1999 Mar;25(2):151-64 PMID: 10188109
  116. The role of phosphatidylserine in recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes.
    Cell Death Differ. 1998 Jul;5(7):551-62 PMID: 10200509
  117. C1q binding to liposomes is surface charge dependent and is inhibited by peptides consisting of residues 14-26 of the human C1qA chain in a sequence independent manner.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Apr 14;1418(1):19-30 PMID: 10209207
  118. Ligand-specific, transient interaction between integrins and calreticulin during cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins is dependent upon phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events.
    Biochem J. 1999 May 15;340 ( Pt 1):41-50 PMID: 10229657
  119. Macrophage recognition of ICAM-3 on apoptotic leukocytes.
    J Immunol. 1999 Jun 1;162(11):6800-10 PMID: 10352301
  120. [Elimination of unwanted cells by phagocytes].
    Seikagaku. 1999 Apr;71(4):282-6 PMID: 10358441
  121. Calreticulin is expressed on the cell surface of activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in association with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):16917-22 PMID: 10358038
  122. Dendritic cell presentation of antigens from apoptotic cells in a proinflammatory context: role of opsonizing anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies.
    Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Jul;42(7):1412-20 PMID: 10403269
  123. Characterisation of the rat and mouse homologues of gC1qBP, a 33 kDa glycoprotein that binds to the globular 'heads' of C1q.
    FEBS Lett. 1997 Nov 24;418(1-2):111-4 PMID: 9414106
  124. The globular heads of C1q specifically recognize surface blebs of apoptotic vascular endothelial cells.
    J Immunol. 2001 Mar 1;166(5):3231-9 PMID: 11207277
  125. CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin.
    Immunity. 2001 Mar;14(3):303-13 PMID: 11290339
  126. CD91: a receptor for heat shock protein gp96.
    Nat Immunol. 2000 Aug;1(2):151-5 PMID: 11248808
  127. Identification of a novel 33-kDa C1q-binding site on human blood platelets.
    J Immunol. 1994 Jun 15;152(12):5896-901 PMID: 8207215
  128. Regulation of C1q receptor expression on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
    J Immunol. 1994 Jul 1;153(1):262-9 PMID: 7911495
  129. Human T cells express specific binding sites for C1q. Role in T cell activation and proliferation.
    J Immunol. 1994 Aug 15;153(4):1430-40 PMID: 8046223
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of experimental medicine
Abbr.
J Exp Med
ISSN
0022-1007
DOI
10.1084/jem.194.6.781
Published
2001-09-17
Pages
781-95
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
2985109R
PMCID
PMC2195958
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM 61031 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM48211 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.6.781 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2