Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 12952072 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Signal transduction pathways regulated by Rho GTPases in Dictyostelium.

Journal of muscle research and cell motility ·Vol. 23 ·No. 7-8 ·2002-00-00 ·Pages 737-49

Rivero F, Somesh BP

Abstract

Rho GTPases are ubiquitously expressed across the eukaryotes where they act as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. Activation enables Rho GTPases to interact with a multitude of effectors that relay upstream signals to cytoskeletal and other components, eliciting rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and diverse other cellular responses. In Dictyostelium the Rho family comprises 15 members. Some of them (Rac1a/b/c, RacF1/F2, RacB) are members of the Rac subfamily, and one, RacA, belongs to the RhoBTB subfamily, however the Rho and Cdc42 subfamilies are not represented. Dictyostelium Rho GTPases regulate actin polymerization, cell morphology, endocytosis, cytokinesis, cell polarity and chemotaxis. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) modulate the activation/inactivation cycle of the GTPases. In addition, guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) regulate cycling of the GTPases between membranes and cytosol. Members of these three classes of regulatory molecules along with some effectors have been identified in Dictyostelium during the last years and their role in Rho signaling pathways has been investigated.

MeSH Terms
Actins/metabolism Animals Cell Division/physiology Dictyostelium/classification,enzymology,genetics,physiology Gene Expression Regulation Humans Multigene Family Phylogeny Signal Transduction/physiology rho GTP-Binding Proteins/classification,genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
Actins rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Rivero Francisco
Institut für Biochemie I, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Köln, Germany. [email protected]
Somesh Baggavalli P
References (68)
68 references, click to expand
  1. Regulation of phagocytosis and endo-phagosomal trafficking pathways in Dictyostelium discoideum.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Mar 15;1525(3):205-16 PMID: 11257434
  2. Role of Dictyostelium racE in cytokinesis: mutational analysis and localization studies by use of green fluorescent protein.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1997 May;8(5):935-44 PMID: 9168476
  3. The IQGAP-related protein DGAP1 interacts with Rac and is involved in the modulation of the F-actin cytoskeleton and control of cell motility.
    J Cell Sci. 1998 Oct;111 ( Pt 20):3059-71 PMID: 9739079
  4. Regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by the Rho family GTPases in mammalian cells.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1999;68:459-86 PMID: 10872457
  5. Involvement of the Arp2/3 complex in phagocytosis mediated by FcgammaR or CR3.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Apr;2(4):246-8 PMID: 10783245
  6. Novel Dictyostelium unconventional myosin, MyoM, has a putative RhoGEF domain.
    FEBS Lett. 2000 May 26;474(1):16-22 PMID: 10828443
  7. Role of Rac in controlling the actin cytoskeleton and chemotaxis in motile cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 9;97(10):5225-30 PMID: 10805781
  8. Fold prediction and evolutionary analysis of the POZ domain: structural and evolutionary relationship with the potassium channel tetramerization domain.
    J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 29;285(4):1353-61 PMID: 9917379
  9. Cloning and characterization of a Dictyostelium myosin I heavy chain kinase activated by Cdc42 and Rac.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 25;271(43):27044-8 PMID: 8900194
  10. Overexpression of a novel rho family GTPase, RacC, induces unusual actin-based structures and positively affects phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Oct;9(10):2891-904 PMID: 9763450
  11. Mutant Rac1B expression in Dictyostelium: effects on morphology, growth, endocytosis, development, and the actin cytoskeleton.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2000 Aug;46(4):285-304 PMID: 10962483
  12. Control of cell polarity and chemotaxis by Akt/PKB and PI3 kinase through the regulation of PAKa.
    Mol Cell. 2001 May;7(5):937-47 PMID: 11389841
  13. Cytoskeletal alterations in Dictyostelium induced by expression of human cdc42.
    Eur J Cell Biol. 2001 Jun;80(6):399-409 PMID: 11484931
  14. The actin cytoskeleton of Dictyostelium: a story told by mutants.
    J Cell Sci. 2000 Mar;113 ( Pt 5):759-66 PMID: 10671366
  15. Rho GTPases and signaling networks.
    Genes Dev. 1997 Sep 15;11(18):2295-322 PMID: 9308960
  16. Structure of the Rho family GTP-binding protein Cdc42 in complex with the multifunctional regulator RhoGDI.
    Cell. 2000 Feb 4;100(3):345-56 PMID: 10676816
  17. The WASp-like protein scar regulates macropinocytosis, phagocytosis and endosomal membrane flow in Dictyostelium.
    J Cell Sci. 2001 Jul;114(Pt 14):2673-83 PMID: 11683394
  18. DdLIM is a cytoskeleton-associated protein involved in the protrusion of lamellipodia in Dictyostelium.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Mar;9(3):545-59 PMID: 9487125
  19. Functions of LIM proteins in cell polarity and chemotactic motility.
    EMBO J. 2002 Oct 15;21(20):5331-42 PMID: 12374734
  20. Identification of darlin, a Dictyostelium protein with Armadillo-like repeats that binds to small GTPases and is important for the proper aggregation of developing cells.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Nov;9(11):3095-106 PMID: 9802899
  21. A novel member of the rho family of small GTP-binding proteins is specifically required for cytokinesis.
    J Cell Biol. 1996 Jun;133(6):1321-9 PMID: 8682867
  22. RacF1, a novel member of the Rho protein family in Dictyostelium discoideum, associates transiently with cell contact areas, macropinosomes, and phagosomes.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Apr;10(4):1205-19 PMID: 10198067
  23. The tail domain of myosin M catalyses nucleotide exchange on Rac1 GTPases and can induce actin-driven surface protrusions.
    Traffic. 2000 May;1(5):399-410 PMID: 11208126
  24. Regulation of endocytic traffic by rho family GTPases.
    Trends Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;10(3):85-8 PMID: 10675900
  25. DGAP1, a homologue of rasGTPase activating proteins that controls growth, cytokinesis, and development in Dictyostelium discoideum.
    FEBS Lett. 1996 Oct 7;394(3):251-7 PMID: 8830653
  26. Defects in cytokinesis, actin reorganization and the contractile vacuole in cells deficient in RhoGDI.
    EMBO J. 2002 Sep 2;21(17):4539-49 PMID: 12198156
  27. Characterization and cloning of a Dictyostelium Ste20-like protein kinase that phosphorylates the actin-binding protein severin.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 May 22;273(21):12952-9 PMID: 9582328
  28. Mechanism of regulation of WAVE1-induced actin nucleation by Rac1 and Nck.
    Nature. 2002 Aug 15;418(6899):790-3 PMID: 12181570
  29. Progressive impairment of kidneys and reproductive organs in mice lacking Rho GDIalpha.
    Oncogene. 1999 Sep 23;18(39):5373-80 PMID: 10498891
  30. Purification and characterization of a Dictyostelium protein kinase required for actin activation of the Mg2+ ATPase activity of Dictyostelium myosin ID.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 May 19;270(20):11776-82 PMID: 7744826
  31. Pak to the future.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1999 Sep;9(9):350-5 PMID: 10461188
  32. Involvement of a small GTP-binding protein (G protein) regulator, small G protein GDP dissociation stimulator, in antiapoptotic cell survival signaling.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 May;11(5):1875-86 PMID: 10793158
  33. The molecular genetics of chemotaxis: sensing and responding to chemoattractant gradients.
    Bioessays. 2000 Jul;22(7):603-15 PMID: 10878573
  34. Cloning and characterization of seven novel Dictyostelium discoideum rac-related genes belonging to the rho family of GTPases.
    Gene. 1993 Dec 22;136(1-2):61-8 PMID: 8294042
  35. Rho guanine dissociation inhibitors: pivotal molecules in cellular signalling.
    Cell Signal. 1999 Aug;11(8):545-54 PMID: 10433515
  36. PAKa, a putative PAK family member, is required for cytokinesis and the regulation of the cytoskeleton in Dictyostelium discoideum cells during chemotaxis.
    J Cell Biol. 1999 Nov 1;147(3):559-76 PMID: 10545500
  37. The Dictyostelium LIM domain-containing protein LIM2 is essential for proper chemotaxis and morphogenesis.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Apr;11(4):1275-91 PMID: 10749929
  38. The Dictyostelium discoideum family of Rho-related proteins.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Mar 1;29(5):1068-79 PMID: 11222756
  39. Untying the Gordian knot of cytokinesis. Role of small G proteins and their regulators.
    J Cell Biol. 2000 Mar 6;148(5):843-8 PMID: 10704435
  40. Small GTPases in Dictyostelium: lessons from a social amoeba.
    Trends Genet. 2001 Jan;17(1):41-8 PMID: 11163921
  41. Rho GTPases and their effector proteins.
    Biochem J. 2000 Jun 1;348 Pt 2:241-55 PMID: 10816416
  42. A Ras GAP is essential for cytokinesis and spatial patterning in Dictyostelium.
    Development. 1997 Mar;124(5):983-96 PMID: 9056774
  43. The Dictyostelium CARMIL protein links capping protein and the Arp2/3 complex to type I myosins through their SH3 domains.
    J Cell Biol. 2001 Jun 25;153(7):1479-97 PMID: 11425877
  44. Regulation of Dictyostelium myosin I and II.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Mar 15;1525(3):245-61 PMID: 11257438
  45. A role for Dictyostelium racE in cortical tension and cleavage furrow progression.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Apr 20;141(2):483-92 PMID: 9548725
  46. A growing family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors is responsible for activation of Ras-family GTPases.
    Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2002;71:391-444 PMID: 12102558
  47. Dynamics of the Dictyostelium Arp2/3 complex in endocytosis, cytokinesis, and chemotaxis.
    Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2001 Nov;50(3):115-28 PMID: 11807934
  48. Function of Rho family proteins in actin dynamics during phagocytosis and engulfment.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;2(10):E191-6 PMID: 11025683
  49. The Dictyostelium Bcr/Abr-related protein DRG regulates both Rac- and Rab-dependent pathways.
    EMBO J. 2001 Apr 2;20(7):1620-9 PMID: 11285226
  50. Flipping the switch: the structural basis for signaling through the CRIB motif.
    Cell. 2000 Aug 18;102(4):403-6 PMID: 10966102
  51. Regulation of actin polymerization in cell-free systems by GTPgammaS and Cdc42.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Jul 28;138(2):363-74 PMID: 9230078
  52. Dictyostelium IQGAP-related protein specifically involved in the completion of cytokinesis.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 May 19;137(4):891-8 PMID: 9151691
  53. Regulation of actin filament network formation through ARP2/3 complex: activation by a diverse array of proteins.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2001;70:649-76 PMID: 11395419
  54. A potentially exhaustive screening strategy reveals two novel divergent myosins in Dictyostelium.
    Cell Biochem Biophys. 1999;30(3):413-35 PMID: 10403059
  55. Rac1 GTPases control filopodia formation, cell motility, endocytosis, cytokinesis and development in Dictyostelium.
    J Cell Sci. 2000 Jun;113 ( Pt 12):2253-65 PMID: 10825297
  56. Regulation of the p21-activated kinase-related Dictyostelium myosin I heavy chain kinase by autophosphorylation, acidic phospholipids, and Ca2+-calmodulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):27911-7 PMID: 9774403
  57. SCAR, a WASP-related protein, isolated as a suppressor of receptor defects in late Dictyostelium development.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Sep 7;142(5):1325-35 PMID: 9732292
  58. Sequential assembly of myosin II, an IQGAP-like protein, and filamentous actin to a ring structure involved in budding yeast cytokinesis.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Jan 26;140(2):355-66 PMID: 9442111
  59. Recruitment of cortexillin into the cleavage furrow is controlled by Rac1 and IQGAP-related proteins.
    EMBO J. 2001 Jul 16;20(14):3705-15 PMID: 11447112
  60. A Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor is involved in cytokinesis of Dictyostelium.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 16;296(2):305-12 PMID: 12163018
  61. Genomic organization and expression profile of the small GTPases of the RhoBTB family in human and mouse.
    Gene. 2002 Oct 2;298(2):147-57 PMID: 12426103
  62. Cytokinesis: IQGAPs find a function.
    Curr Biol. 1998 Mar 12;8(6):R202-5 PMID: 9512410
  63. Mutational analyses of Dictyostelium IQGAP-related protein GApa: possible interaction with small GTPases in cytokinesis.
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Aug;65(8):1912-6 PMID: 11577743
  64. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases: turning on the switch.
    Genes Dev. 2002 Jul 1;16(13):1587-609 PMID: 12101119
  65. Developmental signal transduction pathways uncovered by genetic suppressors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 24;93(26):15260-5 PMID: 8986798
  66. LIM proteins: association with the actin cytoskeleton.
    Protoplasma. 2002 Feb;219(1-2):1-12 PMID: 11926060
  67. Cloning and characterization of a rhoGAP homolog from Dictyostelium discoideum.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 20;272(25):15682-6 PMID: 9188459
  68. The Ste20 group kinases as regulators of MAP kinase cascades.
    Trends Cell Biol. 2001 May;11(5):220-30 PMID: 11316611
Article Info
Journal
Journal of muscle research and cell motility
Abbr.
J Muscle Res Cell Motil
ISSN
0142-4319
DOI
10.1023/a:1024423611223
Email
[email protected]
Published
2002-00-00
Pages
737-49
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
8006298
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1023/a:1024423611223 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2