Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 20831921 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Alzheimer disease.

Disease-a-month : DM ·Vol. 56 ·No. 9 ·2010-09-00 ·Pages 484-546

Castellani RJ, Rolston RK, Smith MA

Abstract

暂无摘要

MeSH Terms
Age Distribution Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis,epidemiology,genetics,metabolism,therapy Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism Aniline Compounds Antioxidants/therapeutic use Biomarkers/metabolism Brain/pathology Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/diagnosis Cholinergic Agents/therapeutic use Dementia/diagnosis Diagnosis, Differential Diet, Mediterranean Estrogen Replacement Therapy Global Health Humans Immunotherapy/methods Incidence Mutation/genetics Nerve Growth Factors/therapeutic use Neurofibrillary Tangles Plaque, Amyloid Positron-Emission Tomography Prevalence Risk Factors Thiazoles Treatment Outcome tau Proteins/metabolism
Chemicals
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole Amyloid beta-Peptides Aniline Compounds Antioxidants Biomarkers Cholinergic Agents Nerve Growth Factors Thiazoles tau Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Castellani Rudy J
Rolston Raj K
Smith Mark A
References (296)
296 references, click to expand
  1. Impaired processing of famous faces in Alzheimer's disease is related to neurofibrillary tangle densities in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex.
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2000 Nov-Dec;11(6):336-41 PMID: 11044779
  2. Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? The Cache County Study.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;62(2):217-24 PMID: 15699299
  3. Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial.
    Neurology. 2005 May 10;64(9):1553-62 PMID: 15883316
  4. Congophilic microangiopathy in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's syndrome (presenile dementia).
    Med Hypotheses. 1979 Nov;5(11):1231-6 PMID: 537541
  5. Attenuation of the neurotoxic effect of A beta amyloid peptide by apolipoprotein E.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Feb 28;199(1):163-70 PMID: 8123007
  6. The relationship between quantitative measures of dementia and of degenerative changes in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects.
    Proc R Soc Med. 1967 Mar;60(3):254-60 PMID: 6020151
  7. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
    Arch Neurol. 1985 Nov;42(11):1097-105 PMID: 2864910
  8. Amyloid-beta reduction by memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) immunization.
    FASEB J. 2007 Oct;21(12):3184-96 PMID: 17494994
  9. Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease.
    Neurology. 2007 Aug 28;69(9):878-85 PMID: 17724290
  10. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment.
    Ann Neurol. 1991 Oct;30(4):572-80 PMID: 1789684
  11. Dietary antioxidants and cognitive function in a population-based sample of older persons. The Rotterdam Study.
    Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug 1;144(3):275-80 PMID: 8686696
  12. The progression of the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease in frontal and temporal neocortex examined both at biopsy and at autopsy.
    Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1988 May-Jun;14(3):177-95 PMID: 3405392
  13. Quantitative solubilization and analysis of insoluble paired helical filaments from Alzheimer disease.
    Brain Res. 1996 Apr 22;717(1-2):99-108 PMID: 8738259
  14. Tau suppression in a neurodegenerative mouse model improves memory function.
    Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):476-81 PMID: 16020737
  15. Vaccination of Alzheimer's model mice with Abeta derivative in alum adjuvant reduces Abeta burden without microhemorrhages.
    Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Nov;24(9):2530-42 PMID: 17100841
  16. High-level neuronal expression of abeta 1-42 in wild-type human amyloid protein precursor transgenic mice: synaptotoxicity without plaque formation.
    J Neurosci. 2000 Jun 1;20(11):4050-8 PMID: 10818140
  17. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.
    N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 24;336(17):1216-22 PMID: 9110909
  18. Sequestration of tubulin in neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
    Brain Res. 1986 Oct 22;385(2):305-10 PMID: 3096492
  19. Frequent amyloid deposition without significant cognitive impairment among the elderly.
    Arch Neurol. 2008 Nov;65(11):1509-17 PMID: 19001171
  20. A beta peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):979-82 PMID: 11140685
  21. Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people.
    Arch Neurol. 2002 Feb;59(2):223-7 PMID: 11843693
  22. Nerve growth factor reverses neuronal atrophy in a Down syndrome model of age-related neurodegeneration.
    Neurology. 1993 Dec;43(12):2668-73 PMID: 8255474
  23. Age and histopathologic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Evidence for subtypes.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 May;44(5):412-7 PMID: 2883954
  24. Transcutaneous beta-amyloid immunization reduces cerebral beta-amyloid deposits without T cell infiltration and microhemorrhage.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2507-12 PMID: 17264212
  25. Intracerebroventricular infusion of nerve growth factor in three patients with Alzheimer's disease.
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1998 Sep-Oct;9(5):246-57 PMID: 9701676
  26. Ubiquitin is a common factor in intermediate filament inclusion bodies of diverse type in man, including those of Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as Rosenthal fibres in cerebellar astrocytomas, cytoplasmic bodies in muscle, and mallory bodies in alcoholic liver disease.
    J Pathol. 1988 May;155(1):9-15 PMID: 2837558
  27. Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4531-4 PMID: 3859874
  28. Senile plaque neurites in Alzheimer disease accumulate amyloid precursor protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7552-6 PMID: 1652752
  29. Alzheimer's disease and cellular aging: membrane-related events as clues to primary mechanisms.
    Gerontology. 1991;37(1-3):95-112 PMID: 1647364
  30. The relation between antioxidants and memory performance in the old and very old.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Jun;45(6):718-24 PMID: 9180666
  31. Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse.
    Nature. 1999 Jul 8;400(6740):173-7 PMID: 10408445
  32. Molecular mapping of Alzheimer-type dementia in Down's syndrome.
    Ann Neurol. 1998 Mar;43(3):380-3 PMID: 9506555
  33. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Jul;68(7):709-35 PMID: 19535999
  34. Pathological alterations in the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neuroscience. 1990;37(2):377-85 PMID: 2133349
  35. Axonopathy and transport deficits early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
    Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1282-8 PMID: 15731448
  36. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1991 Apr;41(4):479-86 PMID: 2011243
  37. Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease.
    N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 3;348(14):1333-41 PMID: 12672860
  38. Inflammation in Alzheimer disease: driving force, bystander or beneficial response?
    Nat Med. 2006 Sep;12(9):1005-15 PMID: 16960575
  39. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women.
    Arch Neurol. 2002 Mar;59(3):378-84 PMID: 11890840
  40. The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: clinical-pathological studies.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1997 Jul-Aug;18(4 Suppl):S27-32 PMID: 9330982
  41. RNA granules: post-transcriptional and epigenetic modulators of gene expression.
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Jun;10(6):430-6 PMID: 19461665
  42. Alzheimer disease and cognitive reserve: variation of education effect with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B uptake.
    Arch Neurol. 2008 Nov;65(11):1467-71 PMID: 19001165
  43. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(4):239-59 PMID: 1759558
  44. Efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment in Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis.
    JAMA. 2003 Jan 8;289(2):210-6 PMID: 12517232
  45. A phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease.
    Nat Med. 2005 May;11(5):551-5 PMID: 15852017
  46. EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF NEUROFIBRILLARY DEGENERATION. I. LIGHT MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1965 Apr;24:187-99 PMID: 14280496
  47. A fatal encephalopathy in chronic haemodialysis patients.
    Lancet. 1976 Apr 10;1(7963):764-8 PMID: 56586
  48. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease? The Rotterdam Study.
    Neurology. 1995 Aug;45(8):1441-5 PMID: 7644037
  49. Neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer disease are antigenically related.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8729-32 PMID: 2934737
  50. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity.
    J Intern Med. 2004 Sep;256(3):183-94 PMID: 15324362
  51. Twisted ribbon structure of paired helical filaments revealed by atomic force microscopy.
    Am J Pathol. 1994 May;144(5):869-73 PMID: 8178938
  52. Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer's disease.
    Nat Genet. 2009 Oct;41(10):1088-93 PMID: 19734902
  53. Plaque-only Alzheimer disease is usually the lewy body variant, and vice versa.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1993 Nov;52(6):648-54 PMID: 8229084
  54. Morphology and distribution of Alzheimer neuritic (senile) and amyloid plaques in striatum and diencephalon.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1984;64(4):273-81 PMID: 6542292
  55. Risk of Alzheimer's disease and duration of NSAID use.
    Neurology. 1997 Mar;48(3):626-32 PMID: 9065537
  56. Human nerve growth factor prevents degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in primates.
    Ann Neurol. 1991 Dec;30(6):831-40 PMID: 1789695
  57. Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and education, occupation, marital status, or living arrangement.
    Neurology. 1992 Nov;42(11):2063-8 PMID: 1436513
  58. Recombinant human nerve growth factor infusions prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration in the adult primate brain.
    Ann Neurol. 1991 Nov;30(5):625-36 PMID: 1763889
  59. Electron micrograph of diffuse plaques. Initial stage of senile plaque formation in the Alzheimer brain.
    Am J Pathol. 1989 Oct;135(4):593-7 PMID: 2679112
  60. Pathological changes in frontal cortex from biopsy to autopsy in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1993 Nov-Dec;14(6):589-96 PMID: 8295661
  61. Amelioration of cholinergic neuron atrophy and spatial memory impairment in aged rats by nerve growth factor.
    Nature. 1987 Sep 3-9;329(6134):65-8 PMID: 3627243
  62. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1995 Jan;45(1):51-5 PMID: 7824134
  63. Statins and the risk of dementia.
    Lancet. 2000 Nov 11;356(9242):1627-31 PMID: 11089820
  64. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute on Aging, and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1997 Jul-Aug;18(4 Suppl):S1-2 PMID: 9330978
  65. Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation.
    Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1168-70 PMID: 6474172
  66. Bridging grafts and transient nerve growth factor infusions promote long-term central nervous system neuronal rescue and partial functional recovery.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4621-5 PMID: 7753852
  67. The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor.
    Nature. 1987 Feb 19-25;325(6106):733-6 PMID: 2881207
  68. Metal binding and oxidation of amyloid-beta within isolated senile plaque cores: Raman microscopic evidence.
    Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18;42(10):2768-73 PMID: 12627941
  69. Increased T cell reactivity to amyloid beta protein in older humans and patients with Alzheimer disease.
    J Clin Invest. 2003 Aug;112(3):415-22 PMID: 12897209
  70. Dystrophic neurites define diffuse as well as core-containing senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurodegeneration. 1995 Jun;4(2):235-7 PMID: 7583689
  71. Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid beta-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.
    Nat Med. 2000 Aug;6(8):916-9 PMID: 10932230
  72. Silver impregnation of nerve cells and fibers in celloidin sections. A simple impregnation technique.
    Arch Neurol. 1962 Feb;6:114-22 PMID: 13907612
  73. Senile plaques in cortex of aged normal monkeys.
    Brain Res. 1985 Dec 30;361(1-2):267-75 PMID: 4084799
  74. Conservation of brain amyloid proteins in aged mammals and humans with Alzheimer's disease.
    Science. 1987 Feb 20;235(4791):873-7 PMID: 3544219
  75. Dementia in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type is associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy but is independent of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
    Ann Neurol. 2001 Dec;50(6):765-72 PMID: 11761474
  76. The immunopathology of Alzheimer's disease and some related disorders.
    Brain Pathol. 1993 Oct;3(4):333-47 PMID: 8293190
  77. Statin use and the risk of incident dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
    Arch Neurol. 2005 Jul;62(7):1047-51 PMID: 16009757
  78. Plaques, tangles and dementia. A quantitative study.
    J Neurol Sci. 1982 Nov;56(2-3):343-56 PMID: 7175555
  79. Comparison of Abeta levels in the brain of familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurochem Int. 2009 Sep;55(4):243-52 PMID: 19524115
  80. Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil: a randomized controlled trial.
    JAMA. 2004 Jan 21;291(3):317-24 PMID: 14734594
  81. Nerve growth factor treatment after brain injury prevents neuronal death.
    Science. 1987 Jan 9;235(4785):214-6 PMID: 3798108
  82. 11C PiB and structural MRI provide complementary information in imaging of Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
    Brain. 2008 Mar;131(Pt 3):665-80 PMID: 18263627
  83. Soluble oligomers of the amyloid beta-protein impair synaptic plasticity and behavior.
    Behav Brain Res. 2008 Sep 1;192(1):106-13 PMID: 18359102
  84. Nontropic actions of neurotrophins: subcortical nerve growth factor gene delivery reverses age-related degeneration of primate cortical cholinergic innervation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):1941-6 PMID: 11172055
  85. Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents and Alzheimer disease: the last 12 years.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2006;9(3 Suppl):271-6 PMID: 16914866
  86. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia.
    Drugs Aging. 1999 Nov;15(5):365-75 PMID: 10600044
  87. A possible unitary genetic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;450:223-38 PMID: 3160290
  88. Estrogen bows to a new master: the role of gonadotropins in Alzheimer pathogenesis.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Jun;1052:201-9 PMID: 16024763
  89. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the randomized, controlled Alzheimer's Disease Anti-Inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT).
    PLoS Clin Trials. 2006 Nov 17;1(7):e33 PMID: 17111043
  90. Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain.
    Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1237-9 PMID: 7058341
  91. Nerve growth factor promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transections.
    J Neurosci. 1986 Aug;6(8):2155-62 PMID: 3746405
  92. Autopsy-confirmed familial early-onset Alzheimer disease caused by the l153V presenilin 1 mutation.
    Arch Neurol. 2001 Jun;58(6):953-8 PMID: 11405810
  93. Neuropathology and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease: a complex but coherent relationship.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Jan;68(1):1-14 PMID: 19104448
  94. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive function: the HAAS autopsy study.
    Neurology. 2002 Jun 11;58(11):1629-34 PMID: 12058090
  95. Pittsburgh compound B imaging and prediction of progression from cognitive normality to symptomatic Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec;66(12):1469-75 PMID: 20008650
  96. Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease.
    Neurosci Lett. 1989 Aug 28;103(2):234-9 PMID: 2505201
  97. The relationship of amyloid plaques to cerebral capillaries in Alzheimer's disease.
    Am J Pathol. 1990 Dec;137(6):1435-46 PMID: 2260630
  98. Cholinergic therapy in dementia.
    Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1993;149:42-5 PMID: 8128838
  99. Beta-amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer disease occurs as 110- to 135-kilodalton membrane-associated proteins in neural and nonneural tissues.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7341-5 PMID: 3140239
  100. Presenile Alzheimer disease: amyloid plaques in the cerebellum.
    Neurology. 1980 Aug;30(8):820-5 PMID: 7191064
  101. Alzheimer's disease: insolubility of partially purified paired helical filaments in sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea.
    Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1243-5 PMID: 6120571
  102. A beta oligomers - a decade of discovery.
    J Neurochem. 2007 Jun;101(5):1172-84 PMID: 17286590
  103. Memantine for dementia.
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD003154 PMID: 16625572
  104. Age-associated neuronal atrophy occurs in the primate brain and is reversible by growth factor gene therapy.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 14;96(19):10893-8 PMID: 10485922
  105. Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life. Findings from the Nun Study.
    JAMA. 1996 Feb 21;275(7):528-32 PMID: 8606473
  106. Antigenic profile of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the amygdala in Down's syndrome: a comparison with Alzheimer's disease.
    Brain Res. 1990 Dec 24;537(1-2):102-8 PMID: 1707726
  107. Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report.
    Nat Med. 2003 Apr;9(4):448-52 PMID: 12640446
  108. Inverse association of anti-inflammatory treatments and Alzheimer's disease: initial results of a co-twin control study.
    Neurology. 1994 Feb;44(2):227-32 PMID: 8309563
  109. Identification, biogenesis, and localization of precursors of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid protein.
    Cell. 1989 Apr 7;57(1):115-26 PMID: 2649245
  110. A beta peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):982-5 PMID: 11140686
  111. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam: a 30-year evaluation of clinical and neuropathologic trends.
    Neurology. 1986 Jan;36(1):7-13 PMID: 3941784
  112. Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Abeta42 immunization.
    Neurology. 2003 Jul 8;61(1):46-54 PMID: 12847155
  113. Protease inhibitor domain encoded by an amyloid protein precursor mRNA associated with Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 1988 Feb 11;331(6156):528-30 PMID: 2893290
  114. Clinicopathological findings following intraventricular glial-derived neurotrophic factor treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease.
    Ann Neurol. 1999 Sep;46(3):419-24 PMID: 10482276
  115. Perforant pathway changes and the memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease.
    Ann Neurol. 1986 Oct;20(4):472-81 PMID: 3789663
  116. NGF gene transfer to intrinsic basal forebrain neurons increases cholinergic cell size and protects from age-related, spatial memory deficits in middle-aged rats.
    Brain Res. 2000 Sep 1;875(1-2):144-51 PMID: 10967308
  117. Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: restorative effects of NGF expression.
    Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1575-8 PMID: 3201248
  118. A controlled trial of recombinant methionyl human BDNF in ALS: The BDNF Study Group (Phase III).
    Neurology. 1999 Apr 22;52(7):1427-33 PMID: 10227630
  119. Microtubule reduction in Alzheimer's disease and aging is independent of tau filament formation.
    Am J Pathol. 2003 May;162(5):1623-7 PMID: 12707046
  120. Human nerve growth factor improves spatial memory in aged but not in young rats.
    J Neurosci. 1994 Aug;14(8):4815-24 PMID: 8046452
  121. The role of APP processing and trafficking pathways in the formation of amyloid beta-protein.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Jan 17;777:57-64 PMID: 8624127
  122. The isolation and amino acid composition of senile plaque core protein.
    Brain Res. 1983 Jan 24;259(2):348-52 PMID: 6824945
  123. Tacrine, and Alzheimer's treatments.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2006;9(3 Suppl):439-45 PMID: 16914883
  124. Rheumatoid arthritis and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
    Br J Rheumatol. 1989 Feb;28(1):86-8 PMID: 2917245
  125. Paired helical filaments are twisted ribbons composed of two parallel and aligned components: image reconstruction and modeling of filament structure using atomic force microscopy.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997 Jan;56(1):79-85 PMID: 8990131
  126. Hirano body filaments contain actin and actin-associated proteins.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1987 Mar;46(2):185-99 PMID: 3029338
  127. Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census.
    Arch Neurol. 2003 Aug;60(8):1119-22 PMID: 12925369
  128. Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association, and the American Geriatrics Society.
    JAMA. 1997 Oct 22-29;278(16):1363-71 PMID: 9343469
  129. Alzheimer disease.
    Int Rev Neurobiol. 1998;42:1-54 PMID: 9476170
  130. Kinetics of human serum butyrylcholinesterase and its inhibition by a novel experimental Alzheimer therapeutic, bisnorcymserine.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Sep;10(1):43-51 PMID: 16988481
  131. The association between head trauma and Alzheimer's disease.
    Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Mar;131(3):491-501 PMID: 2405648
  132. Incidence of cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer's disease: a postmortem study.
    Acta Neuropathol. 2003 Jan;105(1):14-7 PMID: 12471455
  133. The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on the secretion of APPS from rat brain cortex.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Jan 17;777:393-8 PMID: 8624119
  134. Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):4245-9 PMID: 3159021
  135. Subunit structure of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease.
    J Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;100(6):1905-12 PMID: 2581978
  136. A new A4 amyloid mRNA contains a domain homologous to serine proteinase inhibitors.
    Nature. 1988 Feb 11;331(6156):525-7 PMID: 2893289
  137. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease: the CERAD experience, Part XV.
    Neurology. 1996 Jun;46(6):1592-6 PMID: 8649554
  138. Neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments.
    J Neurol Sci. 1976 Feb;27(2):173-81 PMID: 129541
  139. The fine structure of some intraganglionic alterations. Neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar bodies and "rod-like" structures as seen in Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1968 Apr;27(2):167-82 PMID: 5646193
  140. Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Aug 16;122(3):1131-5 PMID: 6236805
  141. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.
    Arch Neurol. 2000 Oct;57(10):1439-43 PMID: 11030795
  142. Assessment of beta-amyloid in a frontal cortical brain biopsy specimen and by positron emission tomography with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B.
    Arch Neurol. 2008 Oct;65(10):1304-9 PMID: 18695050
  143. 4-Hydroxynonenal-derived advanced lipid peroxidation end products are increased in Alzheimer's disease.
    J Neurochem. 1997 May;68(5):2092-7 PMID: 9109537
  144. Economic considerations in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
    Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(2):143-54 PMID: 18044111
  145. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997 Feb;56(2):217 PMID: 9034378
  146. The relationship between senile plaques and cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Morphological mechanism of senile plaque production.
    Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1982 Aug;40(2):121-9 PMID: 6127830
  147. Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis and 'cotton wool' plaques: two pedigrees with PS-1 exon 9 deletions.
    Brain. 2003 Apr;126(Pt 4):783-91 PMID: 12615638
  148. Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial.
    JAMA. 2003 Jun 4;289(21):2819-26 PMID: 12783912
  149. Intravenous immunoglobulin and Alzheimer's disease immunotherapy.
    Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2007 Feb;9(1):79-85 PMID: 17330405
  150. Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Jul;65(7):631-41 PMID: 16825950
  151. A4 amyloid protein immunoreactivity is present in Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles.
    Neurosci Lett. 1989 Jul 3;101(3):352-5 PMID: 2671814
  152. Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1993 Aug;43(8):1609-11 PMID: 8351023
  153. Biopsy support for the validity of Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography with a twist.
    Arch Neurol. 2008 Oct;65(10):1281-3 PMID: 18852340
  154. Alzheimer disease pathology as a host response.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008 Jun;67(6):523-31 PMID: 18520771
  155. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES IN ALZHEIMER'S PRESENILE DEMENTIA.
    Am J Pathol. 1964 Feb;44:269-97 PMID: 14119171
  156. Neurons may live for decades with neurofibrillary tangles.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1999 Feb;58(2):188-97 PMID: 10029101
  157. Age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population.
    JAMA. 1995 May 3;273(17):1354-9 PMID: 7715060
  158. Regulated lentiviral NGF gene transfer controls rescue of medial septal cholinergic neurons.
    Mol Ther. 2005 Jun;11(6):916-25 PMID: 15922962
  159. Amyloid precursor protein in senile plaques of Alzheimer disease.
    Lancet. 1988 Sep 24;2(8613):746 PMID: 2901596
  160. Cholinesterase inhibitors stabilize Alzheimer's disease.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;920:321-7 PMID: 11193171
  161. Senile plaque amyloid, paired helical filaments, and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease are all deposits of the same protein.
    Lancet. 1985 Feb 2;1(8423):278 PMID: 2857343
  162. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease.
    Ann Neurol. 2006 Jun;59(6):912-21 PMID: 16622828
  163. Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases?
    Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Dec 1;33(11):1475-9 PMID: 12446204
  164. MRI patterns of atrophy associated with progression to AD in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
    Neurology. 2008 Feb 12;70(7):512-20 PMID: 17898323
  165. Cerebrovascular amyloid in scrapie-affected sheep reacts with antibodies to prion protein.
    Neurosci Lett. 1988 Oct 5;92(2):234-9 PMID: 3185993
  166. Gene therapy in the adult primate brain: intraparenchymal grafts of cells genetically modified to produce nerve growth factor prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration.
    Gene Ther. 1996 Apr;3(4):305-14 PMID: 8732162
  167. P3 beta-amyloid peptide has a unique and potentially pathogenic immunohistochemical profile in Alzheimer's disease brain.
    Am J Pathol. 1996 Aug;149(2):585-96 PMID: 8701997
  168. Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1998 May-Jun;19(3):173-89 PMID: 9661992
  169. Soluble amyloid beta peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease.
    Am J Pathol. 1999 Sep;155(3):853-62 PMID: 10487842
  170. High striatal amyloid beta-peptide deposition across different autosomal Alzheimer disease mutation types.
    Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec;66(12):1537-44 PMID: 20008660
  171. Beta-amyloid imaging and memory in non-demented individuals: evidence for preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
    Brain. 2007 Nov;130(Pt 11):2837-44 PMID: 17928318
  172. Hydroxynonenal adducts indicate a role for lipid peroxidation in neocortical and brainstem Lewy bodies in humans.
    Neurosci Lett. 2002 Feb 8;319(1):25-8 PMID: 11814645
  173. The topography of cell loss from locus caeruleus in Alzheimer's disease.
    J Neurol Sci. 1986 Dec;76(2-3):335-45 PMID: 3794754
  174. Increases in luteinizing hormone are associated with declines in cognitive performance.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Apr 15;269(1-2):107-11 PMID: 17376589
  175. Immunocytochemical co-localization of the proteasome in ubiquitinated structures in neurodegenerative diseases and the elderly.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997 Feb;56(2):125-31 PMID: 9034365
  176. Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer's disease: a third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.
    Neurosci Lett. 1986 Apr 24;65(3):351-5 PMID: 2423928
  177. A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group.
    JAMA. 1994 Apr 6;271(13):985-91 PMID: 8139083
  178. The effects of mitochondrial failure upon cholinergic toxicity in the nucleus basalis.
    Neuroreport. 1996 Jun 17;7(9):1453-6 PMID: 8856696
  179. Will antioxidants fulfill their expectations for the treatment of Alzheimer disease?
    Mech Ageing Dev. 2000 Jul 31;116(2-3):169-79 PMID: 10996017
  180. Serial reconstruction of beta-protein amyloid plaques: relationship to microvessels and size distribution.
    Brain Res. 1992 Oct 2;592(1-2):278-82 PMID: 1280517
  181. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
    Lancet. 2002 Jul 6;360(9326):7-22 PMID: 12114036
  182. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial.
    Lancet. 2002 Nov 23;360(9346):1623-30 PMID: 12457784
  183. Active glycation in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease: N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl) lysine and hexitol-lysine.
    Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jul 15;31(2):175-80 PMID: 11440829
  184. Identification of normal and pathological aging in prospectively studied nondemented elderly humans.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1992 Jan-Feb;13(1):179-89 PMID: 1311804
  185. Vulnerability of cortical neurons to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2006;9(3 Suppl):35-44 PMID: 16914843
  186. Intracellular APP processing and A beta production in Alzheimer disease.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1999 Aug;58(8):787-94 PMID: 10446803
  187. IDEAL: a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the first skin patch for Alzheimer disease.
    Neurology. 2007 Jul 24;69(4 Suppl 1):S14-22 PMID: 17646619
  188. Do cholinesterase inhibitors have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease?
    CNS Drugs. 2001;15(2):85-91 PMID: 11460892
  189. aph-1 and pen-2 are required for Notch pathway signaling, gamma-secretase cleavage of betaAPP, and presenilin protein accumulation.
    Dev Cell. 2002 Jul;3(1):85-97 PMID: 12110170
  190. Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria.
    Neurology. 2001 Feb 27;56(4):537-9 PMID: 11222803
  191. Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: Evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1996 Mar;46(3):707-19 PMID: 8618671
  192. Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury.
    Neurology. 2003 May 13;60(9):1457-61 PMID: 12743231
  193. A 24-week randomized, controlled trial of memantine in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):136-43 PMID: 17545739
  194. RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
    J Neurosci. 1999 Mar 15;19(6):1959-64 PMID: 10066249
  195. Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4913-7 PMID: 3088567
  196. Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus.
    J Neurosci. 1986 Oct;6(10):2950-67 PMID: 3760943
  197. Immunocytochemical properties of Alzheimer straight filaments.
    J Neurosci. 1987 Nov;7(11):3736-8 PMID: 3681409
  198. Memantine displaces [3H]MK-801 at therapeutic concentrations in postmortem human frontal cortex.
    Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Aug 3;166(3):589-90 PMID: 2680528
  199. Age, education, and changes in the Mini-Mental State Exam scores of older women: findings from the Nun Study.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Jun;44(6):675-81 PMID: 8642159
  200. Apolipoprotein E: a pathological chaperone protein in patients with cerebral and systemic amyloid.
    Neurosci Lett. 1992 Feb 3;135(2):235-8 PMID: 1625800
  201. In vivo effects of ApoE and clusterin on amyloid-beta metabolism and neuropathology.
    J Mol Neurosci. 2004;23(3):247-54 PMID: 15181253
  202. Brain-immune connection: immuno-regulatory properties of CNS-resident cells.
    Glia. 2000 Feb 15;29(4):293-304 PMID: 10652440
  203. Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7611-5 PMID: 2529544
  204. Familial Alzheimer Dementia: a prevalent disorder with specific clinical features.
    Psychol Med. 1984 Feb;14(1):63-80 PMID: 6200894
  205. Chitin-like polysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease brains.
    Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005 Oct;2(4):419-23 PMID: 16248847
  206. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE--AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY.
    Brain. 1964 Jun;87:307-20 PMID: 14188276
  207. Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study.
    Neurology. 2004 Nov 9;63(9):1624-8 PMID: 15534246
  208. Neuropathological correlates of dementia in over-80-year-old brain donors from the population-based Cambridge city over-75s cohort (CC75C) study.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;18(3):645-58 PMID: 19661624
  209. Oxidative damage in the olfactory system in Alzheimer's disease.
    Acta Neuropathol. 2003 Dec;106(6):552-6 PMID: 12955399
  210. Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: a case report.
    Arch Neurol. 2007 Mar;64(3):431-4 PMID: 17353389
  211. The aged monkey basal forebrain: rescue and sprouting of axotomized basal forebrain neurons after grafts of encapsulated cells secreting human nerve growth factor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Nov 8;91(23):10898-902 PMID: 7971980
  212. Ultrastructure of neurofibrillary tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome.
    Arch Neurol. 1973 Nov;29(5):324-7 PMID: 4743882
  213. Evidence of amyloid beta-protein immunoreactive early plaque lesions in Down's syndrome brains.
    Lab Invest. 1989 Jul;61(1):133-7 PMID: 2473275
  214. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia: a population-based case-control study.
    Neuroepidemiology. 1995;14(3):101-9 PMID: 7777124
  215. Failed retrograde transport of NGF in a mouse model of Down's syndrome: reversal of cholinergic neurodegenerative phenotypes following NGF infusion.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28;98(18):10439-44 PMID: 11504920
  216. Long-term stabilizing effect of cholinesterase inhibitors in the therapy of Alzheimer' disease.
    J Neural Transm Suppl. 2002;(62):181-7 PMID: 12456062
  217. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase secretion of APPs in rat brain cortex.
    Neuroreport. 1995 Mar 7;6(4):633-6 PMID: 7605915
  218. Filament heterogeneity within the dystrophic neurites of senile plaques suggests blockage of fast axonal transport in Alzheimer's disease.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1996;91(3):226-35 PMID: 8834534
  219. High frequency of apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 allele in hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
    Ann Neurol. 1997 Jun;41(6):716-21 PMID: 9189032
  220. Dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer's disease and in Down's syndrome at middle age.
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;50(3):341-4 PMID: 2951499
  221. Complement activation by beta-amyloid in Alzheimer disease.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10016-20 PMID: 1438191
  222. Contribution of redox-active iron and copper to oxidative damage in Alzheimer disease.
    Ageing Res Rev. 2004 Jul;3(3):319-26 PMID: 15231239
  223. Amyloid angiopathy of Alzheimer's disease: amino acid composition and partial sequence of a 4,200-dalton peptide isolated from cortical microvessels.
    J Neurochem. 1987 Nov;49(5):1394-401 PMID: 3312495
  224. Cerebral hemorrhage after passive anti-Abeta immunotherapy.
    Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1379 PMID: 12434053
  225. X-ray diffraction from intraneuronal paired helical filaments and extraneuronal amyloid fibers in Alzheimer disease indicates cross-beta conformation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(2):503-7 PMID: 3455785
  226. Abeta species removal after abeta42 immunization.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Nov;65(11):1040-8 PMID: 17086100
  227. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: major contributor or decorative response to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2004 May-Jun;25(5):599-602; discussion 603-4 PMID: 15172735
  228. The gene defects responsible for familial Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurobiol Dis. 1996;3(3):159-68 PMID: 8980016
  229. A special type of senile plaque, possibly an initial stage.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1987;74(2):133-41 PMID: 3673504
  230. Spectrum of morphological appearance of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1989;78(4):337-47 PMID: 2551122
  231. Formic acid pretreatment enhances immunostaining of cerebral and systemic amyloids.
    Lab Invest. 1987 Aug;57(2):230-6 PMID: 2441141
  232. Morphology and distribution of plaque and related deposits in the brains of Alzheimer's disease and control cases. An immunohistochemical study using amyloid beta-protein antibody.
    Lab Invest. 1989 Jan;60(1):113-22 PMID: 2642985
  233. Membrane alterations as causes of impaired signal transduction in Alzheimer's disease and aging.
    Trends Neurosci. 1995 May;18(5):203-6 PMID: 7610488
  234. Changing the course of Alzheimer's disease: anti-amyloid disease-modifying treatments on the horizon.
    Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;9(1):32-41 PMID: 17599166
  235. Longitudinal PET Evaluation of Cerebral Metabolic Decline in Dementia: A Potential Outcome Measure in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Studies.
    Am J Psychiatry. 2002 May;159(5):738-45 PMID: 11986126
  236. Nasal inoculation of an adenovirus vector encoding 11 tandem repeats of Abeta1-6 upregulates IL-10 expression and reduces amyloid load in a Mo/Hu APPswe PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
    J Gene Med. 2007 Feb;9(2):88-98 PMID: 17219449
  237. Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):1977-81 PMID: 8446617
  238. Interactions of LDL and modified LDL with mesangial cells and matrix.
    Kidney Int. 1992 May;41(5):1161-9 PMID: 1614032
  239. Differential splicing of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor RNA in rat tissues: PreA4(695) mRNA is predominantly produced in rat and human brain.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1192-200 PMID: 1689572
  240. Expression of beta amyloid protein precursor mRNAs: recognition of a novel alternatively spliced form and quantitation in Alzheimer's disease using PCR.
    Neuron. 1990 Feb;4(2):253-67 PMID: 2106330
  241. An integrative hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1986 Nov-Dec;7(6):489-502 PMID: 2882432
  242. Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta -amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98(10):5856-61 PMID: 11296263
  243. Observations on the brains of demented old people.
    J Neurol Sci. 1970 Sep;11(3):205-42 PMID: 5505685
  244. Tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease: pathogen or protector?
    Trends Mol Med. 2005 Apr;11(4):164-9 PMID: 15823754
  245. Fine structural localization of acid phosphatase in senile plaques in Alzheimer's presenile dementia.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1967 May 5;8(3):276-84 PMID: 6039977
  246. A randomized, double-blind, study of rofecoxib in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
    Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Jun;30(6):1204-15 PMID: 15742005
  247. Continuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):9231-5 PMID: 3466184
  248. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Cellular Damage in Alzheimer Disease.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 1998 Mar;1(1):45-55 PMID: 12214011
  249. Amyloid beta-protein and the genetics of Alzheimer's disease.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 2;271(31):18295-8 PMID: 8756120
  250. Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
    Brain Res. 1991 Feb 8;541(1):163-6 PMID: 2029618
  251. Microglial cell activation in aging and Alzheimer disease: partial linkage with neurofibrillary tangle burden in the hippocampus.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997 Feb;56(2):143-9 PMID: 9034367
  252. Evidence for a membrane defect in Alzheimer disease brain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1671-5 PMID: 1311847
  253. Novel precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein shows protease inhibitory activity.
    Nature. 1988 Feb 11;331(6156):530-2 PMID: 2893291
  254. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1993 Jan;43(1):13-20 PMID: 8423876
  255. Topographic distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration in hippocampal cortex of aging and demented patients. A quantitative study.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1978 May 24;42(2):73-80 PMID: 654888
  256. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects.
    Br J Psychiatry. 1968 Jul;114(512):797-811 PMID: 5662937
  257. Impact of Alzheimer's pathology on cognitive trajectories in nondemented elderly.
    Ann Neurol. 2006 Dec;60(6):688-95 PMID: 17192929
  258. Aggregation and secondary structure of synthetic amyloid beta A4 peptides of Alzheimer's disease.
    J Mol Biol. 1991 Mar 5;218(1):149-63 PMID: 2002499
  259. Absence of Pittsburgh compound B detection of cerebral amyloid beta in a patient with clinical, cognitive, and cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer disease: a case report.
    Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec;66(12):1557-62 PMID: 20008664
  260. Pharmacologic treatment of cognition in Alzheimer's dementia.
    Neurology. 1998 Jul;51(1 Suppl 1):S36-44; discussion S65-7 PMID: 9674761
  261. Reduced risk of Alzheimer disease in users of antioxidant vitamin supplements: the Cache County Study.
    Arch Neurol. 2004 Jan;61(1):82-8 PMID: 14732624
  262. APH-1 is a multipass membrane protein essential for the Notch signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):775-9 PMID: 11792846
  263. Amyloid-beta: a vascular sealant that protects against hemorrhage?
    J Neurosci Res. 2002 Nov 1;70(3):356 PMID: 12391596
  264. Correlation between scores for dementia and counts of 'senile plaques' in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects.
    Nature. 1966 Jan 1;209(5018):109-10 PMID: 5927229
  265. Alzheimer's disease: genotypes, phenotypes, and treatments.
    Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):630-1 PMID: 9019820
  266. Carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B and carbon 11-labeled (R)-PK11195 positron emission tomographic imaging in Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Neurol. 2009 Jan;66(1):60-7 PMID: 19139300
  267. The synaptic Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer disease.
    Nat Neurosci. 2005 Aug;8(8):977-9 PMID: 16047022
  268. Loss of muscarinic M4 receptors in hippocampus of Alzheimer patients.
    Brain Res. 2003 Jan 17;960(1-2):259-62 PMID: 12505680
  269. Learning deficits induced by chronic intraventricular infusion of quinolinic acid--protection by MK-801 and memantine.
    Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan 18;296(1):1-8 PMID: 8720470
  270. Image reconstruction of the Alzheimer paired helical filament.
    EMBO J. 1985 Dec 30;4(13B):3661-5 PMID: 2419127
  271. Hippocampal resections impair associative learning and recognition memory in the monkey.
    J Neurosci. 1982 Sep;2(9):1214-20 PMID: 7119874
  272. Infusion of (+) -MK-801 and memantine -- contrasting effects on radial maze learning in rats with entorhinal cortex lesion.
    Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Feb 5;296(3):239-46 PMID: 8904075
  273. Isolation of low-molecular-weight proteins from amyloid plaque fibers in Alzheimer's disease.
    J Neurochem. 1986 Jun;46(6):1820-34 PMID: 3517233
  274. NMR studies of amyloid beta-peptides: proton assignments, secondary structure, and mechanism of an alpha-helix----beta-sheet conversion for a homologous, 28-residue, N-terminal fragment.
    Biochemistry. 1992 Jun 23;31(24):5621-31 PMID: 1610809
  275. Some morphometric aspects of the brain in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.
    Ann Neurol. 1981 Aug;10(2):184-92 PMID: 7283403
  276. Monoclonal antibodies raised against a subsequence of senile plaque core protein react with plaque cores, plaque periphery and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurosci Lett. 1986 Jul 24;68(2):252-6 PMID: 3748453
  277. In vivo mapping of amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer disease.
    Neurology. 2009 Apr 28;72(17):1504-11 PMID: 19398705
  278. Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001 Aug;60(8):759-67 PMID: 11487050
  279. Synapse loss and microglial activation precede tangles in a P301S tauopathy mouse model.
    Neuron. 2007 Feb 1;53(3):337-51 PMID: 17270732
  280. Immunocytochemical evidence that the beta-protein precursor is an integral component of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease.
    Am J Pathol. 1993 Dec;143(6):1586-93 PMID: 7504885
  281. Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 1995 Jun 29;375(6534):754-60 PMID: 7596406
  282. Somatic gene transfer of NGF to the aged brain: behavioral and morphological amelioration.
    J Neurosci. 1995 Apr;15(4):2819-25 PMID: 7722631
  283. Quantitative immunohistochemistry of synaptophysin in human neocortex: an alternative method to estimate density of presynaptic terminals in paraffin sections.
    J Histochem Cytochem. 1990 Jun;38(6):837-44 PMID: 2110586
  284. Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
    Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Jul;118(1):167-79 PMID: 19390859
  285. Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration.
    J Neurosci. 1990 Nov;10(11):3604-14 PMID: 2230949
  286. The PreA4(695) precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid is encoded by 16 exons.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jan 25;17(2):517-22 PMID: 2783775
  287. Implants of polymer-encapsulated human NGF-secreting cells in the nonhuman primate: rescue and sprouting of degenerating cholinergic basal forebrain neurons.
    J Comp Neurol. 1994 Nov 1;349(1):148-64 PMID: 7852623
  288. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of subcutaneous recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rHCNTF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS CNTF Treatment Study Group.
    Neurology. 1996 May;46(5):1244-9 PMID: 8628460
  289. Paired helical filaments in electron microscopy of Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 1963 Jan 12;197:192-3 PMID: 14032480
  290. Nerve growth factor gene therapy in Alzheimer disease.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):179-89 PMID: 17545746
  291. Structure and expression of the alternatively-spliced forms of mRNA for the mouse homolog of Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta protein precursor.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 15;158(3):906-12 PMID: 2493250
  292. Microglia and cytokines in neurological disease, with special reference to AIDS and Alzheimer's disease.
    Glia. 1993 Jan;7(1):75-83 PMID: 8423065
  293. The pattern of acquisition of plaques and tangles in the brains of patients under 50 years of age with Down's syndrome.
    J Neurol Sci. 1989 Feb;89(2-3):169-79 PMID: 2522541
  294. Quality of life: the bridge from the cholinergic basal forebrain to cognitive science and bioethics.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2006;9(3 Suppl):447-53 PMID: 16914884
  295. Neuropathology of Alzheimer disease: pathognomonic but not pathogenic.
    Acta Neuropathol. 2006 Jun;111(6):503-9 PMID: 16718346
  296. Deposition of amyloid (A4) protein within the brains of persons with dementing disorders other than Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
    Neurosci Lett. 1990 Feb 5;109(1-2):68-75 PMID: 2138261
Article Info
Journal
Disease-a-month : DM
Abbr.
Dis Mon
ISSN
1557-8194
DOI
10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.06.001
Published
2010-09-00
Pages
484-546
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0370657
PMCID
PMC2941917
Subset
IM
Grants
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG026151 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R21 AG031364 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG028679-03 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG031364 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG028679 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R21 AG031364-02 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG028679 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG026151 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG026151-03 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.06.001 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2