Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6264133 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Restriction alleviation by bacteriophages lambda and lambda reverse.

Journal of virology ·Vol. 38 ·No. 2 ·1981-05-00 ·Pages 621-31

Toothman P

Abstract

Deletion analysis indicated that the phage lambda restriction alleviation gene(s) ral resides between the cIII and N genes. The Ral+ phenotype was expressed only when lambda ral+ carried a modification such that it was resistant to restriction by the host specificity system. Under these conditions, Ral function protected superinfecting unmodified phages from restriction by EcoK or EcoB but not from restriction by EcoP1. Ral-protected phage DNA was not concomitantly K and B modified, but rather received only the modification specified by the system of the restricting host. Possible mechanisms for Ral action are discussed. Of the other lambdoid phages tested, the hybrid phage lambda rev had Ral activity, whereas phi 80vir and one lambda-P22 hybrid did not. The restriction alleviation activity of lambda rev called Lar, may be the same as the activity expressed in sbcA- strains of Escherichia coli, but it was functionally separable from exonuclease VIII activity (the product of the recE gene), which is also expressed in sbcA- strains.

MeSH Terms
Bacteriophage lambda/genetics,metabolism DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism DNA, Viral/metabolism Deoxyribonucleases, Type I Site-Specific Deoxyribonucleases, Type III Site-Specific Genes, Viral Methyltransferases Recombination, Genetic
Chemicals
DNA, Viral Methyltransferases DNA Restriction Enzymes endodeoxyribonuclease EcoBI endodeoxyribonuclease EcoK endodeoxyribonuclease EcoP1 Deoxyribonucleases, Type I Site-Specific Deoxyribonucleases, Type III Site-Specific
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Toothman P
References (56)
56 references, click to expand
  1. Biochemical and genetic studies of recombination proficiency in Escherichia coli. II. Rec+ revertants caused by indirect suppression of rec- mutations.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Sep;67(1):128-35 PMID: 4248156
  2. Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli. I. Host controlled modification of bacteriophage lambda.
    J Mol Biol. 1962 Jul;5:18-36 PMID: 13862047
  3. Studies with glucosyl transferase mutants of the T-even bacteriophages.
    Virology. 1971 May;44(2):271-85 PMID: 4935677
  4. Recombination in bacteriophage lambda. I. Mutants deficient in general recombination.
    J Mol Biol. 1968 Jul 14;34(2):261-71 PMID: 5760458
  5. Genetics of bacteriophage P22. II. Gene order and gene function.
    Virology. 1972 Jul;49(1):268-82 PMID: 4556926
  6. A role for recombination in the production of "free-loader" lambda bacteriophage particles.
    J Mol Biol. 1972 Jul 14;68(1):57-67 PMID: 4559113
  7. Degradation of bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid after restriction by Escherichia coli K-12.
    J Bacteriol. 1972 Oct;112(1):161-9 PMID: 4562392
  8. DNA modification methylase activity of Escherichia coli restriction endonucleases K and P.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Nov;69(11):3138-41 PMID: 4564204
  9. Cleavage of bacteriophage fl DNA by the restriction enzyme of Escherichia coli B.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Nov;69(11):3220-4 PMID: 4564208
  10. Genetic analysis of mutations indirectly suppressing recB and recC mutations.
    Genetics. 1972 Oct;72(2):105-15 PMID: 4567284
  11. DNA targets for the Escherichia coli K restriction system analysed genetically in recombinants between phages phi80 and lambda.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Feb 2;120(3):261-81 PMID: 4568839
  12. Restoration by the rac locus of recombinant forming ability in recB - and recC - merozygotes of Escherichia coli K-12.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Apr 12;122(2):119-30 PMID: 4573863
  13. Studies of SV 40 DNA. V. Conversion of circular to linear SV 40 DNA by restriction endonuclease from Escherichia coli B.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Mar 19;299(2):177-88 PMID: 4350384
  14. Methylated oligonucleotides derived from bacteriophage fd RF-DNA modified in vitro by E. coli B modification methylase.
    FEBS Lett. 1973 Jul 1;33(2):177-80 PMID: 4580897
  15. Restriction of bacteriophage lambda by Escherichia coli K.
    J Mol Biol. 1973 Dec 15;81(3):395-407 PMID: 4767461
  16. Substitution mutation in bacteriophage lambda with new specificity for late gene expression.
    Virology. 1974 Sep;61(1):112-9 PMID: 4415976
  17. Kinetics of methylation of DNA by a restriction endonuclease from Escherichia coli B.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):3810-3 PMID: 4610561
  18. Isolation of exonuclease VIII: the enzyme associated with sbcA indirect suppressor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3593-7 PMID: 4610579
  19. The segregation of the SbcA and Rac phenotypes in an Escherichia coli recB mutant.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1974;134(3):249-59 PMID: 4614075
  20. DNA restriction and modification systems in Salmonella. II. Genetic complementation between the K and B systems of Escherichia coli and the Salmonella typhimurium system SB, with the same chromosomal location.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1974;135(1):51-60 PMID: 4614084
  21. Characterization of bacteriophage lambda reverse as an Escherichia coli phage carrying a unique set of host-derived recombination functions.
    J Mol Biol. 1974 Sep 15;88(2):471-87 PMID: 4616090
  22. The genetic location of the sbcA gene of Escherichia coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1974;134(2):157-71 PMID: 4617161
  23. The role of S-adenosylmethionine in the cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid by the restriction endonuclease from Escherichia coli K.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Jun 10;250(11):4159-64 PMID: 1092685
  24. Gene 0.3 of bacteriophage T7 acts to overcome the DNA restriction system of the host.
    J Mol Biol. 1975 May 15;94(2):283-95 PMID: 1095770
  25. The kil gene of bacteriophage lambda.
    Virology. 1975 Aug;66(2):589-604 PMID: 1098278
  26. Multiple steps in DNA recognition by restriction endonuclease from E. coli K.
    Nature. 1975 Aug 14;256(5518):556-60 PMID: 1101070
  27. Physical mapping of the HindIII, EcoRI, Sal and Sma restriction endonuclease cleavage fragments from bacteriophage T5 DNA.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Feb 2;143(3):279-90 PMID: 1082539
  28. The DNA modification function of temperate phage Mu-1.
    Virology. 1976 Mar;70(1):17-27 PMID: 1258376
  29. SAMase gene of bacteriophage T3 is responsible for overcoming host restriction.
    J Virol. 1976 Jul;19(1):136-45 PMID: 781304
  30. Specificity of genetic elements controlling regulation of early functions in temperate bacteriophages.
    J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):537-66 PMID: 978735
  31. Characterization of the deoxyribonuclease determined by lambda reverse as exonuclease VIII of Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):27-41 PMID: 328898
  32. Active protection by bacteriophages T3 and T7 against E. coli B- and K-specific restriction of their DNA.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1977 May 20;153(1):99-106 PMID: 329108
  33. Nucleotide sequence of the recognition site for the restriction-modification enzyme of Escherichia coli B.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2266-70 PMID: 353810
  34. Recognition site of Escherichia coli B restriction enzyme on phi XsB1 and simian virus 40 DNAs: an interrupted sequence.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2271-5 PMID: 209460
  35. Characterization of a restriction enzyme from Escherichia coli K carrying a mutation in the modification subunit.
    J Biol Chem. 1978 Oct 10;253(19):6756-60 PMID: 357430
  36. Restriction and modification enzymes and their recognition sequences.
    Gene. 1978 Nov;4(3):183-94 PMID: 369952
  37. DNA restriction enzyme from E. coli.
    Nature. 1968 Mar 23;217(5134):1110-4 PMID: 4868368
  38. Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli, X. In vitro restriction of phage fd replicative form.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Apr;59(4):1300-6 PMID: 4870862
  39. Nonessential functions of bacteriophage lambda.
    Virology. 1969 Feb;37(2):177-88 PMID: 4974326
  40. New mutations in the S cistron of bacteriophage lambda affecting host cell lysis.
    Virology. 1969 May;38(1):200-2 PMID: 4891223
  41. Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli. XI. In vitro modification of phage fd replicative form.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jun;63(2):556-62 PMID: 4895540
  42. A complementation analysis of the restriction and modification of DNA in Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1969 May 14;41(3):459-72 PMID: 4896022
  43. Deletion mapping of the c-3-N region of bacteriophage.
    Virology. 1969 Sep;39(1):137-41 PMID: 5812352
  44. Complementation analysis of temperature-sensitive host specificity mutations in Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1970 May 28;50(1):111-27 PMID: 4916553
  45. Restriction insensitivity in bacteriophage T5. II. Lack of EcoRI modification in T5+ and T5ris mutants.
    J Virol. 1979 Jan;29(1):17-20 PMID: 430591
  46. Nucleotide sequence of the recognition site of the B-specific restriction modification system in E. coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Jan 11;168(3):331-35 PMID: 374993
  47. The nucleotide sequence recognized by the Escherichia coli K12 restriction and modification enzymes.
    J Mol Biol. 1979 May 15;130(2):191-209 PMID: 381674
  48. Physical characterisation of the "Rac prophage" in E. coli K12.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Sep;175(2):159-74 PMID: 390313
  49. Rex-dependent exclusion of lambdoid phages. II. Determinants of sensitivity to exclusion.
    Virology. 1980 Apr 15;102(1):147-60 PMID: 6445122
  50. The ral gene of phage lambda. I. Identification of a non-essential gene that modulates restriction and modification in E. coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(1):63-73 PMID: 6256607
  51. The ral gene of phage lambda. II. Isolation and characterization of ral deficient mutants.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(1):75-80 PMID: 6256608
  52. The ral gene of phage lambda. III. Interference with E. coli ATP dependent functions.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(1):81-8 PMID: 6256609
  53. Genetic analysis of the RecE pathway of genetic recombination in Escherichia coli K-12.
    J Bacteriol. 1981 Jan;145(1):521-32 PMID: 6257642
  54. Transduction and segregation in Escherichia coli K12.
    Virology. 1957 Oct;4(2):366-84 PMID: 13496552
  55. Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli. II. Control over acceptance of DNA from infecting phage lambda.
    J Mol Biol. 1962 Jul;5:37-49 PMID: 13888713
  56. Functional analysis of host-specificity mutants in Escherichia coli.
    Genet Res. 1970 Apr;15(2):237-50 PMID: 4921184
Article Info
Journal
Journal of virology
Abbr.
J Virol
ISSN
0022-538X
DOI
10.1128/JVI.38.2.621-631.1981
Published
1981-05-00
Pages
621-31
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0113724
PMCID
PMC171193
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI11344 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/JVI.38.2.621-631.1981 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2