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PMID: 8367443 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 90 ·No. 17 ·1993-09-01 ·Pages 7915-22

Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM

Abstract

Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage (the same as that produced by radiation) is a major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases of aging such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts. Antioxidant defenses against this damage include ascorbate, tocopherol, and carotenoids. Dietary fruits and vegetables are the principal source of ascorbate and carotenoids and are one source of tocopherol. Low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables doubles the risk of most types of cancer as compared to high intake and also markedly increases the risk of heart disease and cataracts. Since only 9% of Americans eat the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, the opportunity for improving health by improving diet is great.

MeSH Terms
Aging/physiology Animals Antioxidants/metabolism DNA Damage Diet Disease/etiology Humans Lipid Metabolism Neoplasms/etiology,physiopathology Oxidants/metabolism Proteins/metabolism
Chemicals
Antioxidants Oxidants Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ames B N
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Shigenaga M K
Hagen T M
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915
Published
1993-09-01
Pages
7915-22
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC47258
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · CA39910 · United States
NIEHS NIH HHS · ESO1896 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915 PMC Full Text View journal details
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