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PMID: 22113393 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Activity regulation of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs).

Molecular neurobiology ·Vol. 45 ·No. 1 ·2012-02-00 ·Pages 61-75

Orlandi C, Barbon A, Barlati S

Abstract

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are the enzymes that are responsible for the A to I RNA editing process in mammals, which is an important mechanism that increases molecular diversity. A to I RNA editing consists of an enzymatic conversion of specific adenosine in pre-mRNA, leading to alteration of the properties of both the RNA itself and the translated protein. Currently, the importance of this phenomenon is increasingly recognized as it affects a diverse set of cellular pathways. ADAR function within the cell, especially in the neurons, is to diversify the features of a limited set of unique transcripts, mostly neurotransmitter receptors; however, a growing set of target is going to be discovered, increasing the importance of the RNA editing event in the proper physiology of the cell. Despite the functional relevance of these enzymes, there is a gap of knowledge in the mechanisms that regulate ADAR activity and consequently about the modulation of RNA editing process. This review summarizes ongoing investigations of ADAR regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level and addresses new hypothetical mechanisms that are capable of modulating ADAR activity, including subcellular localization, dimerization and interaction with trans-acting factors.

MeSH Terms
Adenosine Deaminase/physiology Amino Acid Sequence Animals Humans Molecular Sequence Data Protein Biosynthesis/physiology RNA Editing/physiology RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/physiology RNA, Messenger/genetics,metabolism RNA-Binding Proteins
Chemicals
RNA, Messenger RNA-Binding Proteins ADARB1 protein, human Adenosine Deaminase
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Orlandi Cesare
Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Barbon Alessandro
Barlati Sergio
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Article Info
Journal
Molecular neurobiology
Abbr.
Mol Neurobiol
ISSN
1559-1182
DOI
10.1007/s12035-011-8220-2
Published
2012-02-00
Epub
2011-00-20
Pages
61-75
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8900963
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8220-2 View journal details
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