Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 9371651 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Replication and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 lacking the V1 and V2 variable loops of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein.

Journal of virology ·Vol. 71 ·No. 12 ·1997-12-00 ·Pages 9808-12

Cao J, Sullivan N, Desjardin E, Parolin C, Robinson J, Wyatt R, Sodroski J

Abstract

A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutant lacking the V1 and V2 variable loops in the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein replicated in Jurkat lymphocytes with only modest delays compared with the wild-type virus. Revertants that replicated with wild-type efficiency rapidly emerged and contained only a few amino acid changes in the envelope glycoproteins compared with the parent virus. Both the parent and revertant viruses exhibited increased sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies directed against the V3 loop or a CD4-induced epitope on gp120 but not by soluble CD4 or an antibody against the CD4 binding site. This result demonstrates the role of the gp120 V1 and V2 loops in protecting HIV-1 from some subsets of neutralizing antibodies.

MeSH Terms
CD4 Antigens/immunology Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral Genes, env HIV Antibodies/immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics,immunology HIV Reverse Transcriptase/metabolism HIV-1/genetics,immunology,physiology HeLa Cells Humans Jurkat Cells Neutralization Tests Sensitivity and Specificity Sequence Deletion Virus Replication
Chemicals
CD4 Antigens HIV Antibodies HIV Envelope Protein gp120 HIV Reverse Transcriptase
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Cao J
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Sullivan N
Desjardin E
Parolin C
Robinson J
Wyatt R
Sodroski J
References (64)
64 references, click to expand
  1. A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity.
    Nature. 1985 Jul 18-24;316(6025):262-5 PMID: 2410792
  2. Characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to linear and conformation-dependent epitopes within the first and second variable domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120.
    J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4932-44 PMID: 7687306
  3. Identification and characterization of conserved and variable regions in the envelope gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of AIDS.
    Cell. 1986 Jun 6;45(5):637-48 PMID: 2423250
  4. The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain.
    Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):333-48 PMID: 3094962
  5. Evidence that the structural conformation of envelope gp120 affects human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity, host range, and syncytium-forming ability.
    J Virol. 1993 Sep;67(9):5635-9 PMID: 8350416
  6. Probing the structure of the V2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 surface glycoprotein gp120 with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies: human immune response to the V1 and V2 domains.
    J Virol. 1993 Oct;67(10):6136-51 PMID: 7690418
  7. Probing the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein gp120 with a panel of monoclonal antibodies.
    J Virol. 1994 Jan;68(1):469-84 PMID: 7504741
  8. Identification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for polymorphic antigenic determinants within the V2 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein.
    J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):222-30 PMID: 7527084
  9. Epitope exposure on functional, oligomeric HIV-1 gp41 molecules.
    Virology. 1995 Jan 10;206(1):713-7 PMID: 7530400
  10. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization is determined by epitope exposure on the gp120 oligomer.
    J Exp Med. 1995 Jul 1;182(1):185-96 PMID: 7540648
  11. Involvement of the V1/V2 variable loop structure in the exposure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 epitopes induced by receptor binding.
    J Virol. 1995 Sep;69(9):5723-33 PMID: 7543586
  12. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tropism for T-lymphoid cell lines: role of the V3 loop and C4 envelope determinants.
    J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):1301-9 PMID: 8551600
  13. Antibody cross-competition analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein.
    J Virol. 1996 Mar;70(3):1863-72 PMID: 8627711
  14. HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor.
    Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):872-7 PMID: 8629022
  15. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1.
    Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):661-6 PMID: 8649511
  16. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5.
    Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):667-73 PMID: 8649512
  17. The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates.
    Cell. 1996 Jun 28;85(7):1135-48 PMID: 8674119
  18. A dual-tropic primary HIV-1 isolate that uses fusin and the beta-chemokine receptors CKR-5, CKR-3, and CKR-2b as fusion cofactors.
    Cell. 1996 Jun 28;85(7):1149-58 PMID: 8674120
  19. CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1.
    Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1955-8 PMID: 8658171
  20. Evidence for cell-surface association between fusin and the CD4-gp120 complex in human cell lines.
    Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):602-5 PMID: 8849450
  21. The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection.
    Nat Med. 1996 Nov;2(11):1244-7 PMID: 8898753
  22. CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR-5.
    Nature. 1996 Nov 14;384(6605):179-83 PMID: 8906795
  23. HTLV-III/LAV-neutralizing antibodies to an E. coli-produced fragment of the virus envelope.
    Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1392-5 PMID: 2431482
  24. pH-independent HIV entry into CD4-positive T cells via virus envelope fusion to the plasma membrane.
    Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):659-68 PMID: 3107838
  25. CD4-dependent, antibody-sensitive interactions between HIV-1 and its co-receptor CCR-5.
    Nature. 1996 Nov 14;384(6605):184-7 PMID: 8906796
  26. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
    Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):868-71 PMID: 6189183
  27. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS.
    Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3 PMID: 6200936
  28. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus.
    Nature. 1984 Dec 20-1985 Jan 2;312(5996):763-7 PMID: 6096719
  29. T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV.
    Nature. 1984 Dec 20-1985 Jan 2;312(5996):767-8 PMID: 6083454
  30. Characterization of envelope and core structural gene products of HTLV-III with sera from AIDS patients.
    Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):593-5 PMID: 2984774
  31. Major glycoprotein antigens that induce antibodies in AIDS patients are encoded by HTLV-III.
    Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1091-4 PMID: 2986290
  32. Delineation of a region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein critical for interaction with the CD4 receptor.
    Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):975-85 PMID: 2441877
  33. Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
    Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1351-5 PMID: 3629244
  34. A soluble form of CD4 (T4) protein inhibits AIDS virus infection.
    Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):82-4 PMID: 3257544
  35. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the AIDS virus.
    AIDS. 1988 Feb;2(1):25-9 PMID: 2451922
  36. Antibodies that inhibit fusion of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells bind a 24-amino acid sequence of the viral envelope, gp120.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):3198-202 PMID: 2452447
  37. Single amino-acid changes in HIV envelope affect viral tropism and receptor binding.
    Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):571-4 PMID: 2475780
  38. Principal neutralizing domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6768-72 PMID: 2771954
  39. Rapid complementation assays measuring replicative potential of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein mutants.
    J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2416-20 PMID: 2325207
  40. Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds and characterization of potential glycosylation sites of the type 1 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 25;265(18):10373-82 PMID: 2355006
  41. Viral determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 T-cell or macrophage tropism, cytopathogenicity, and CD4 antigen modulation.
    J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4390-8 PMID: 2384920
  42. Identification of individual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 amino acids important for CD4 receptor binding.
    J Virol. 1990 Dec;64(12):5701-7 PMID: 2243375
  43. Attenuation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cytopathic effect by a mutation affecting the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein.
    J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):281-91 PMID: 1702159
  44. Conformational epitope on gp120 important in CD4 binding and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization identified by a human monoclonal antibody.
    J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):489-93 PMID: 1702163
  45. Macrophage and T cell-line tropisms of HIV-1 are determined by specific regions of the envelope gp120 gene.
    Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):167-9 PMID: 1986308
  46. Identification of a determinant within the human immunodeficiency virus 1 surface envelope glycoprotein critical for productive infection of primary monocytes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3097-101 PMID: 2014229
  47. An IgG human monoclonal antibody that reacts with HIV-1/GP120, inhibits virus binding to cells, and neutralizes infection.
    J Immunol. 1991 Jun 15;146(12):4325-32 PMID: 1710248
  48. Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1.
    Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):71-4 PMID: 1905842
  49. Evidence for non-V3-specific neutralizing antibodies that interfere with gp120/CD4 binding in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected humans.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6171-5 PMID: 2068099
  50. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus envelope gene sequences influencing viral entry into CD4-positive HeLa cells, T-leukemia cells, and macrophages.
    J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):5782-9 PMID: 1920616
  51. Characterization of a discontinuous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 epitope recognized by a broadly reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody.
    J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6188-93 PMID: 1717717
  52. Another discontinuous epitope on glycoprotein gp120 that is important in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization is identified by a monoclonal antibody.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8949-52 PMID: 1717992
  53. Neutralization of divergent HIV-1 isolates by conformation-dependent human antibodies to Gp120.
    Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):105-8 PMID: 1718036
  54. The region of the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 responsible for determination of cell tropism.
    J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):305-9 PMID: 1727490
  55. Identification and characterization of a neutralization site within the second variable region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120.
    J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):848-56 PMID: 1370558
  56. Characteristics of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the HIV envelope glycoprotein.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1988 Jun;4(3):187-97 PMID: 2456088
  57. Truncated variants of gp120 bind CD4 with high affinity and suggest a minimum CD4 binding region.
    EMBO J. 1992 Feb;11(2):585-91 PMID: 1537337
  58. A human monoclonal antibody against the CD4-binding site of HIV1 gp120 exhibits potent, broadly neutralizing activity.
    Res Virol. 1991 Jul-Aug;142(4):247-59 PMID: 1724568
  59. Macrophage tropism determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo.
    J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2577-82 PMID: 1548783
  60. Discontinuous, conserved neutralization epitopes overlapping the CD4-binding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein.
    J Virol. 1992 Sep;66(9):5635-41 PMID: 1380099
  61. Effect of amino acid changes in the V1/V2 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein on subunit association, syncytium formation, and recognition by a neutralizing antibody.
    J Virol. 1993 Jun;67(6):3674-9 PMID: 8497077
  62. Characterization of conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 neutralization epitopes exposed upon gp120-CD4 binding.
    J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3978-88 PMID: 7685405
  63. Functional and immunologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins containing deletions of the major variable regions.
    J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4557-65 PMID: 8331723
  64. Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule.
    Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):382-5 PMID: 3001934
Article Info
Journal
Journal of virology
Abbr.
J Virol
ISSN
0022-538X
DOI
10.1128/JVI.71.12.9808-9812.1997
Published
1997-12-00
Pages
9808-12
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0113724
PMCID
PMC230295
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI 24755 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI 28691 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI 31783 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.12.9808-9812.1997 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2