Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10350090 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A novel family of plant splicing factors with a Zn knuckle motif: examination of RNA binding and splicing activities.

Plant molecular biology ·Vol. 39 ·No. 4 ·1999-03-00 ·Pages 761-73

Lopato S, Gattoni R, Fabini G, Stevenin J, Barta A

Abstract

An important group of splicing factors involved in constitutive and alternative splicing contain an arginine/serine (RS)-rich domain. We have previously demonstrated the existence of such factors in plants and report now on a new family of splicing factors (termed the RSZ family) from Arabidopsis thaliana which additionally harbor a Zn knuckle motif similar to the human splicing factor 9G8. Although only around 20 kDa in size, members of this family possess a multi-domain structure. In addition to the N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), a Zn finger motif of the CCHC-type is inserted in an RGG-rich region; all three motifs are known to contribute to RNA binding. The C-terminal domain has a characteristic repeated structure which is very arginine-rich and centered around an SP dipeptide. One member of this family, atRSZp22, has been shown to be a phosphoprotein with properties similar to SR proteins. Furthermore, atRSZp22 was able to complement efficiently splicing deficient mammalian S100 as well as h9G8-depleted extracts. RNA binding assays to selected RNA sequences indicate an RNA binding specificity similar to the human splicing factors 9G8 and SRp20. Taken together, these result show that atRSZp22 is a true plant splicing factor which combines structural and functional features of both h9G8 and hSRp20.

MeSH Terms
Alternative Splicing Amino Acid Sequence Animals Arabidopsis/genetics,metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins Base Sequence Binding Sites Cloning, Molecular Genes, Plant Humans Mammals Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family RNA Splicing RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry,genetics,metabolism Recombinant Proteins/chemistry,metabolism Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors Zinc Fingers
Chemicals
Arabidopsis Proteins RNA-Binding Proteins RSZ protein, Arabidopsis Recombinant Proteins Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lopato S
Institut für Biochemie, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.
Gattoni R
Fabini G
Stevenin J
Barta A
References (67)
67 references, click to expand
  1. SRPK1 and Clk/Sty protein kinases show distinct substrate specificities for serine/arginine-rich splicing factors.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 4;271(40):24569-75 PMID: 8798720
  2. Tnt1, a mobile retroviral-like transposable element of tobacco isolated by plant cell genetics.
    Nature. 1989 Jan 26;337(6205):376-80 PMID: 2536143
  3. The superfamily of arginine/serine-rich splicing factors.
    RNA. 1995 Sep;1(7):663-80 PMID: 7585252
  4. Binding specificity determinants of U1A and U2B'' proteins.
    Mol Biol Rep. 1990;14(2-3):181-2 PMID: 2141906
  5. Sequence-specific RNA binding by an SR protein requires RS domain phosphorylation: creation of an SRp40-specific splicing enhancer.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Feb 18;94(4):1148-53 PMID: 9037021
  6. Structure and expression of a plant U1 snRNP 70K gene: alternative splicing of U1 snRNP 70K pre-mRNAs produces two different transcripts.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Aug;8(8):1421-35 PMID: 8776903
  7. Pre-mRNA splicing in plants: characterization of Ser/Arg splicing factors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 2;93(7):3074-9 PMID: 8610170
  8. Nucleolin from Xenopus laevis: cDNA cloning and expression during development.
    Genes Dev. 1989 Mar;3(3):324-33 PMID: 2656405
  9. Antibodies to calf thymus RNA polymerase II from egg yolks of immunized hens.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 10;258(1):24-6 PMID: 6336747
  10. SR proteins and splicing control.
    Genes Dev. 1996 Jul 1;10(13):1569-79 PMID: 8682289
  11. Mammalian splicing factor SF1 is encoded by variant cDNAs and binds to RNA.
    RNA. 1996 Aug;2(8):794-810 PMID: 8752089
  12. A splicing enhancer complex controls alternative splicing of doublesex pre-mRNA.
    Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):105-14 PMID: 8334698
  13. Improved tools for biological sequence comparison.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2444-8 PMID: 3162770
  14. Identification of a plant serine-arginine-rich protein similar to the mammalian splicing factor SF2/ASF.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 15;92(17):7672-6 PMID: 7644475
  15. Inhibition by SR proteins of splicing of a regulated adenovirus pre-mRNA.
    Nature. 1996 Jun 6;381(6582):535-8 PMID: 8632829
  16. Identification of a zinc finger protein that binds to the sterol regulatory element.
    Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):640-3 PMID: 2562787
  17. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a putative glycine-rich protein of 19.7 kDa in Nicotiana sylvestris.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Oct;17(4):953-5 PMID: 1912512
  18. Sequence-specific recognition of RNA hairpins by bacteriophage antiterminators requires a conserved arginine-rich motif.
    Cell. 1989 Oct 6;59(1):207-18 PMID: 2477156
  19. Isolation of a novel RNA-binding protein and its association with a large ribonucleoprotein particle present in the nucleoplasm of tobacco cells.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Apr;31(1):57-68 PMID: 8704159
  20. PK12, a plant dual-specificity protein kinase of the LAMMER family, is regulated by the hormone ethylene.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Dec;8(12):2223-34 PMID: 8989879
  21. Nuclear pre-mRNA processing in higher plants.
    Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1994;47:149-93 PMID: 8016320
  22. Analysis of the RNA-recognition motif and RS and RGG domains: conservation in metazoan pre-mRNA splicing factors.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Dec 25;21(25):5803-16 PMID: 8290338
  23. Mammalian splicing factor SF3a120 represents a new member of the SURP family of proteins and is homologous to the essential splicing factor PRP21p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    RNA. 1995 May;1(3):260-72 PMID: 7489498
  24. The human splicing factors ASF/SF2 and SC35 possess distinct, functionally significant RNA binding specificities.
    EMBO J. 1995 Jul 17;14(14):3540-51 PMID: 7543047
  25. FCA, a gene controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis, encodes a protein containing RNA-binding domains.
    Cell. 1997 May 30;89(5):737-45 PMID: 9182761
  26. Specific commitment of different pre-mRNAs to splicing by single SR proteins.
    Nature. 1993 Sep 2;365(6441):82-5 PMID: 8361546
  27. Exon recognition in vertebrate splicing.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 10;270(6):2411-4 PMID: 7852296
  28. SR protein splicing factors interact with the Rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing element.
    J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):1163-72 PMID: 8551577
  29. Primary structure and binding activity of the hnRNP U protein: binding RNA through RGG box.
    EMBO J. 1992 Jul;11(7):2655-64 PMID: 1628625
  30. A conserved family of nuclear phosphoproteins localized to sites of polymerase II transcription.
    J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(3):587-96 PMID: 1717489
  31. Protein phosphorylation and the nuclear organization of pre-mRNA splicing.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;7(4):135-8 PMID: 17708924
  32. The determinants of RNA-binding specificity of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 16;269(37):23074-8 PMID: 8083209
  33. The splicing factor SRp20 modifies splicing of its own mRNA and ASF/SF2 antagonizes this regulation.
    EMBO J. 1997 Aug 15;16(16):5077-85 PMID: 9305649
  34. Both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of ASF/SF2 are required for pre-mRNA splicing in vitro.
    RNA. 1997 Dec;3(12):1456-67 PMID: 9404896
  35. A serine kinase regulates intracellular localization of splicing factors in the cell cycle.
    Nature. 1994 Jun 23;369(6482):678-82 PMID: 8208298
  36. Differential expression of five Arabidopsis genes encoding glycine-rich proteins.
    Plant Cell. 1990 May;2(5):427-36 PMID: 2152168
  37. A structural basis for substrate specificities of protein Ser/Thr kinases: primary sequence preference of casein kinases I and II, NIMA, phosphorylase kinase, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, CDK5, and Erk1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Nov;16(11):6486-93 PMID: 8887677
  38. cDNA cloning and sequencing of human fibrillarin, a conserved nucleolar protein recognized by autoimmune antisera.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):931-5 PMID: 1846968
  39. The expression of a nopaline synthase - human growth hormone chimaeric gene in transformed tobacco and sunflower callus tissue.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1986 Sep;6(5):347-57 PMID: 24307385
  40. The gene encoding human splicing factor 9G8. Structure, chromosomal localization, and expression of alternatively processed transcripts.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 28;270(30):17830-5 PMID: 7629084
  41. SR proteins: a conserved family of pre-mRNA splicing factors.
    Genes Dev. 1992 May;6(5):837-47 PMID: 1577277
  42. Arginine-mediated RNA recognition: the arginine fork.
    Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1167-71 PMID: 1709522
  43. Purification and characterization of a kinase specific for the serine- and arginine-rich pre-mRNA splicing factors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Nov 8;91(23):10824-8 PMID: 7526381
  44. Nucleotide sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA.
    Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):285-94 PMID: 7407912
  45. Alternative splicing of E1A transcripts of adenovirus requires appropriate ionic conditions in vitro.
    Cell. 1987 Jul 3;50(1):31-9 PMID: 2954651
  46. Characterization of a novel arginine/serine-rich splicing factor in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Dec;8(12 ):2255-64 PMID: 8989882
  47. First glimpses at structure-function relationships of the nucleocapsid protein of retroviruses.
    J Mol Biol. 1995 Dec 8;254(4):523-37 PMID: 7500330
  48. An essential splicing factor, SLU7, mediates 3' splice site choice in yeast.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Nov;6(11):2112-24 PMID: 1427075
  49. The Drosophila SR protein RBP1 contributes to the regulation of doublesex alternative splicing by recognizing RBP1 RNA target sequences.
    EMBO J. 1995 Aug 15;14 (16):3987-4000 PMID: 7664738
  50. Association between a satellite DNA sequence and the Responder of Segregation Distorter in D. melanogaster.
    Cell. 1988 Jul 15;54(2):179-89 PMID: 2839299
  51. A novel RNA helicase gene tightly linked to the Triplo-lethal locus of Drosophila.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 25;18(18):5489-94 PMID: 2170937
  52. Stress signaling in plants: a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is activated by cold and drought.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):11274-9 PMID: 8855346
  53. General splicing factor SF2/ASF promotes alternative splicing by binding to an exonic splicing enhancer.
    Genes Dev. 1993 Dec;7(12B):2598-608 PMID: 8276242
  54. Regulated expression and RNA processing of transcripts from the Srp20 splicing factor gene during the cell cycle.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17 (6):3116-24 PMID: 9154810
  55. Regulation of mammalian spliceosome assembly by a protein phosphorylation mechanism.
    EMBO J. 1994 Dec 1;13(23):5679-88 PMID: 7988565
  56. Two homologous genes, originated by duplication, encode the human hnRNP proteins A2 and A1.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 11;22(11):1996-2002 PMID: 8029005
  57. A splicing enhancer in the human fibronectin alternate ED1 exon interacts with SR proteins and stimulates U2 snRNP binding.
    Genes Dev. 1993 Dec;7(12A):2405-17 PMID: 8253386
  58. The Clk/Sty protein kinase phosphorylates SR splicing factors and regulates their intranuclear distribution.
    EMBO J. 1996 Jan 15;15(2):265-75 PMID: 8617202
  59. Identification and characterization of three members of the human SR family of pre-mRNA splicing factors.
    EMBO J. 1995 Sep 1;14(17):4336-49 PMID: 7556075
  60. Distinct functions of SR proteins in alternative pre-mRNA splicing.
    Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):219-22 PMID: 8385799
  61. RNA binding specificity of hnRNP A1: significance of hnRNP A1 high-affinity binding sites in pre-mRNA splicing.
    EMBO J. 1994 Mar 1;13(5):1197-204 PMID: 7510636
  62. cDNA cloning of human hnRNP protein A1 reveals the existence of multiple mRNA isoforms.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 May 11;16(9):3751-70 PMID: 2836799
  63. Use of an oriented peptide library to determine the optimal substrates of protein kinases.
    Curr Biol. 1994 Nov 1;4(11):973-82 PMID: 7874496
  64. A subset of SR proteins activates splicing of the cardiac troponin T alternative exon by direct interactions with an exonic enhancer.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Sep;15(9):4898-907 PMID: 7651409
  65. Characterization and cloning of the human splicing factor 9G8: a novel 35 kDa factor of the serine/arginine protein family.
    EMBO J. 1994 Jun 1;13(11):2639-49 PMID: 8013463
  66. Serine/threonine phosphatase 1 modulates the subnuclear distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1996 Oct;7(10):1559-72 PMID: 8898362
  67. Splicing of plant pre-mRNAs in animal systems and vice versa.
    Gene. 1987;56(2-3):253-65 PMID: 3678838
Article Info
Journal
Plant molecular biology
Abbr.
Plant Mol Biol
ISSN
0167-4412
DOI
10.1023/a:1006129615846
Published
1999-03-00
Pages
761-73
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
9106343
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AJ002377, AJ002378
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1023/a:1006129615846 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2