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PMID: 8801441 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

Methanotrophic bacteria.

Microbiological reviews ·Vol. 60 ·No. 2 ·1996-06-00 ·Pages 439-71

Hanson RS, Hanson TE

Abstract

Methane-utilizing bacteria (methanotrophs) are a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria that are related to other members of the Proteobacteria. These bacteria are classified into three groups based on the pathways used for assimilation of formaldehyde, the major source of cell carbon, and other physiological and morphological features. The type I and type X methanotrophs are found within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria and employ the ribulose monophosphate pathway for formaldehyde assimilation, whereas type II methanotrophs, which employ the serine pathway for formaldehyde assimilation, form a coherent cluster within the beta subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Methanotrophic bacteria are ubiquitous. The growth of type II bacteria appears to be favored in environments that contain relatively high levels of methane, low levels of dissolved oxygen, and limiting concentrations of combined nitrogen and/or copper. Type I methanotrophs appear to be dominant in environments in which methane is limiting and combined nitrogen and copper levels are relatively high. These bacteria serve as biofilters for the oxidation of methane produced in anaerobic environments, and when oxygen is present in soils, atmospheric methane is oxidized. Their activities in nature are greatly influenced by agricultural practices and other human activities. Recent evidence indicates that naturally occurring, uncultured methanotrophs represent new genera. Methanotrophs that are capable of oxidizing methane at atmospheric levels exhibit methane oxidation kinetics different from those of methanotrophs available in pure cultures. A limited number of methanotrophs have the genetic capacity to synthesize a soluble methane monooxygenase which catalyzes the rapid oxidation of environmental pollutants including trichloroethylene.

MeSH Terms
Base Sequence Biodegradation, Environmental Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/classification,metabolism Methane/metabolism Methylococcaceae/classification,metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Oxidation-Reduction
Chemicals
Methane
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hanson R S
Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. [email protected]
Hanson T E
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiological reviews
Abbr.
Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0146-0749
DOI
10.1128/mr.60.2.439-471.1996
Email
[email protected]
Published
1996-06-00
Pages
439-71
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7806086
PMCID
PMC239451
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mr.60.2.439-471.1996 PMC Full Text
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