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PMID: 19506906 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Meta-Analysis Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review.

Human genetics ·Vol. 126 ·No. 1 ·2009-07-00 ·Pages 51-90

Gizer IR, Ficks C, Waldman ID

Abstract

Quantitative genetic studies (i.e., twin and adoption studies) suggest that genetic influences contribute substantially to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Over the past 15 years, considerable efforts have been made to identify genes involved in the etiology of this disorder resulting in a large and often conflicting literature of candidate gene associations for ADHD. The first aim of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analytic review of this literature to determine which candidate genes show consistent evidence of association with childhood ADHD across studies. The second aim was to test for heterogeneity across studies in the effect sizes for each candidate gene as its presence might suggest moderating variables that could explain inconsistent results. Significant associations were identified for several candidate genes including DAT1, DRD4, DRD5, 5HTT, HTR1B, and SNAP25. Further, significant heterogeneity was observed for the associations between ADHD and DAT1, DRD4, DRD5, DBH, ADRA2A, 5HTT, TPH2, MAOA, and SNAP25, suggesting that future studies should explore potential moderators of these associations (e.g., ADHD subtype diagnoses, gender, exposure to environmental risk factors). We conclude with a discussion of these findings in relation to emerging themes relevant to future studies of the genetics of ADHD.

MeSH Terms
Alleles Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics Case-Control Studies Child Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/genetics Genetic Markers Humans Monoamine Oxidase/genetics Polymorphism, Genetic Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/genetics Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics Receptors, Dopamine D4/genetics Receptors, Dopamine D5/genetics Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25/genetics Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics
Chemicals
ADRA2A protein, human Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Genetic Markers Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 SLC6A3 protein, human SNAP25 protein, human Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 Receptors, Dopamine D4 Receptors, Dopamine D5 TPH2 protein, human Tryptophan Hydroxylase Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Monoamine Oxidase
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gizer Ian R
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Room 5015 Genetic Medicine Building CB 7264, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA. [email protected]
Ficks Courtney
Waldman Irwin D
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Article Info
Journal
Human genetics
Abbr.
Hum Genet
ISSN
1432-1203
DOI
10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x
Email
[email protected]
Published
2009-07-00
Epub
2009-00-09
Pages
51-90
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
7613873
Subset
IM
Grants
NIMH NIH HHS · R13MH59126-0641 · United States
NIAAA NIH HHS · T32 AA007573 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x View journal details
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