Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 3042454 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Stop making sense: or Regulation at the level of termination in eukaryotic protein synthesis.

FEBS letters ·Vol. 235 ·No. 1-2 ·1988-08-01 ·Pages 1-15

Valle RP, Morch MD

Abstract

An increasing number of examples of translational regulation at the level of termination has been recently reported in eukaryotes. This paper reviews our present knowledge on this topic and proposes an understanding of these regulations by relating the study of viral gene expression to a comprehensive view of the mechanisms and components of the translational process.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cells Codon Eukaryotic Cells Gene Expression Regulation Genes, Viral Peptide Chain Termination, Translational Protein Biosynthesis RNA, Transfer/genetics Retroviridae/genetics Suppression, Genetic
Chemicals
Codon RNA, Transfer
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Valle R P
Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
Morch M D
References (92)
92 references, click to expand
  1. The structure of the mouse glutathione peroxidase gene: the selenocysteine in the active site is encoded by the 'termination' codon, TGA.
    EMBO J. 1986 Jun;5(6):1221-7 PMID: 3015592
  2. An efficient ribosomal frame-shifting signal in the polymerase-encoding region of the coronavirus IBV.
    EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3779-85 PMID: 3428275
  3. Expression of the Rous sarcoma virus pol gene by ribosomal frameshifting.
    Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1237-42 PMID: 2416054
  4. Fidelity of protein synthesis affects the readthrough translation of tobacco mosaic virus RNA.
    FEBS Lett. 1981 Feb 9;124(1):79-83 PMID: 7215557
  5. Nucleotide sequence of a macronuclear DNA molecule coding for alpha-tubulin from the ciliate Stylonychia lemnae. Special codon usage: TAA is not a translation termination codon.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jan 25;13(2):415-33 PMID: 2987795
  6. Stop is not the end: physiological implications of translational readthrough.
    J Theor Biol. 1988 Apr 21;131(4):477-85 PMID: 3193779
  7. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukaemia virus.
    Nature. 1981 Oct 15-21;293(5833):543-8 PMID: 6169994
  8. Natural UAG suppressor glutamine tRNA is elevated in mouse cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2668-72 PMID: 3472229
  9. Characterizing the function of O beta-phosphoseryl-tRNA.
    Methods Enzymol. 1984;106:157-61 PMID: 6567763
  10. UAG readthrough during TMV RNA translation: isolation and sequence of two tRNAs with suppressor activity from tobacco plants.
    EMBO J. 1984 Feb;3(2):351-6 PMID: 16453503
  11. The molecular basis for the differential translation of TMV RNA in tobacco protoplasts and wheat germ extracts.
    EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1091-6 PMID: 16453524
  12. The gag and pol genes of bovine leukemia virus: nucleotide sequence and analysis.
    Virology. 1985 Apr 30;142(2):357-77 PMID: 2997990
  13. Cotranslational insertion of selenocysteine into formate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli directed by a UGA codon.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3156-60 PMID: 3033637
  14. Deviation from the universal code shown by the gene for surface protein 51A in Paramecium.
    Nature. 1985 Mar 14-20;314(6007):188-90 PMID: 3974722
  15. Effects of surrounding sequence on the suppression of nonsense codons.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Feb 15;164(1):59-71 PMID: 6188840
  16. Tetrahymena thermophila glutamine tRNA and its gene that corresponds to UAA termination codon.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4758-62 PMID: 2991890
  17. Normal yeast tRNA(CAGGln) can suppress amber codons and is encoded by an essential gene.
    J Mol Biol. 1986 Dec 20;192(4):725-35 PMID: 3295253
  18. Expression strategies of the yeast retrotransposon Ty: a short sequence directs ribosomal frameshifting.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Sep 11;14(17):7001-16 PMID: 3020502
  19. Kinetic devices in protein synthesis, DNA replication, and mismatch repair.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1987;52:639-46 PMID: 3454281
  20. Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(10):3101-5 PMID: 2582407
  21. A UGA termination suppression tRNATrp active in rabbit reticulocytes.
    Nature. 1980 Jan 3;283(5742):41-6 PMID: 7350525
  22. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853-69 PMID: 6299578
  23. Characterization of mouse mammary tumor virus gag-pro gene products and the ribosomal frameshift site by protein sequencing.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7041-5 PMID: 2823251
  24. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of carnation mottle virus RNA.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Sep 25;13(18):6663-77 PMID: 3840587
  25. Nucleotide sequence of a yeast Ty element: evidence for an unusual mechanism of gene expression.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2829-33 PMID: 2581255
  26. Nucleotide sequence of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus: an immunosuppressive D-type retrovirus.
    Cell. 1986 May 9;45(3):375-85 PMID: 2421920
  27. Kinetic amplification of enzyme discrimination.
    Biochimie. 1975;57(5):587-95 PMID: 1182215
  28. Wild-type tRNATyrG reads the TMV RNA stop codon, but Q base-modified tRNATyrQ does not.
    Nature. 1981 Nov 12;294(5837):188-190 PMID: 29451243
  29. Bovine leukemia virus protease: purification, chemical analysis, and in vitro processing of gag precursor polyproteins.
    J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):826-32 PMID: 3005629
  30. Partial suppression of an ochre mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by multicopy plasmids containing a normal yeast tRNAGln gene.
    J Mol Biol. 1985 May 5;183(1):31-42 PMID: 2989539
  31. Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression.
    Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3 PMID: 2447506
  32. Murine leukemia virus protease is encoded by the gag-pol gene and is synthesized through suppression of an amber termination codon.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1618-22 PMID: 3885215
  33. Nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):5818-22 PMID: 6964389
  34. Novel amber suppressor tRNAs of mammalian origin.
    EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):3049-55 PMID: 3691479
  35. Release factor translation of RNA phage terminator codons.
    Nature. 1970 Jul 4;227(5253):38-40 PMID: 5422622
  36. An inducible mammalian amber suppressor: propagation of a poliovirus mutant.
    Cell. 1987 Jul 31;50(3):379-89 PMID: 3038332
  37. Structure of an adenine-cytosine base pair in DNA and its implications for mismatch repair.
    Nature. 1986 Apr 10-16;320(6062):552-5 PMID: 3960137
  38. Mechanism of the inhibition of protein synthesis by kirromycin. Role of elongation factor Tu and ribosomes.
    Eur J Biochem. 1977 May 2;75(1):67-75 PMID: 324765
  39. Nucleotide sequence of the gag gene and gag-pol junction of feline leukemia virus.
    J Virol. 1984 Jun;50(3):884-94 PMID: 6328019
  40. Mutants of elongation factor Tu promote ribosomal frameshifting and nonsense readthrough.
    EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):4235-9 PMID: 3327691
  41. Frameshift suppression.
    Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):601-2 PMID: 6166384
  42. Codon context effects in missense suppression.
    J Mol Biol. 1984 May 5;175(1):19-27 PMID: 6374155
  43. Serine incorporation into the selenocysteine moiety of glutathione peroxidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 15;262(2):933-7 PMID: 2948953
  44. Nucleotide sequence of a human gene for glutathione peroxidase.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):10051 PMID: 3697069
  45. Gene for a novel tRNA species that accepts L-serine and cotranslationally inserts selenocysteine.
    Nature. 1988 Feb 25;331(6158):723-5 PMID: 2963963
  46. Leaky UAG termination codon in tobacco mosaic virus RNA.
    Nature. 1978 Mar 30;272(5652):469-71 PMID: 634374
  47. Transfer RNA modification.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:263-87 PMID: 3304135
  48. Three-dimensional structure of hyper-modified nucleoside Q located in the wobbling position of tRNA.
    Nature. 1979 Nov 1;282(5734):107-9 PMID: 388227
  49. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of bovine leukemia virus: its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):677-81 PMID: 2983308
  50. Genome organization and expression of reverse transcribing elements: variations and a theme.
    J Gen Virol. 1986 Sep;67 ( Pt 9):1751-8 PMID: 2427644
  51. Nucleotide sequence of the visna lentivirus: relationship to the AIDS virus.
    Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):369-82 PMID: 2410140
  52. Suppression of murine retrovirus polypeptide termination: effect of amber suppressor tRNA on the cell-free translation of Rauscher murine leukemia virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, and Moloney murine sarcoma virus 124 RNA.
    J Virol. 1980 May;34(2):464-73 PMID: 7373716
  53. A different genetic code in human mitochondria.
    Nature. 1979 Nov 8;282(5735):189-94 PMID: 226894
  54. Sequence coding for the alphavirus nonstructural proteins is interrupted by an opal termination codon.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(17):5271-5 PMID: 6577423
  55. A persistent untranslated sequence within bacteriophage T4 DNA topoisomerase gene 60.
    Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):1005-12 PMID: 2830666
  56. Stop making sense: or Regulation at the level of termination in eukaryotic protein synthesis.
    FEBS Lett. 1988 Aug 1;235(1-2):1-15 PMID: 3042454
  57. In vitro synthesis of glutathione peroxidase from selenite. Translational incorporation of selenocysteine.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Mar 10;739(2):225-34 PMID: 6218828
  58. Does Paramecium primaurelia use a different genetic code in its macronucleus?
    Nature. 1985 Mar 14-20;314(6007):185-8 PMID: 3974721
  59. EFTu provides an internal kinetic standard for translational accuracy.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Mar;13(3):91-3 PMID: 3072707
  60. Conformation of the anticodon loop intRNA.
    Nature. 1967 Aug 19;215(5103):817-21 PMID: 6049728
  61. Kinetic proofreading: a new mechanism for reducing errors in biosynthetic processes requiring high specificity.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):4135-9 PMID: 4530290
  62. Reading frame selection and transfer RNA anticodon loop stacking.
    Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1545-50 PMID: 3685992
  63. Cell-free translation of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus RNAs.
    Virology. 1985 May;143(1):272-9 PMID: 18639852
  64. Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2).
    Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):484-92 PMID: 2578227
  65. Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, LAV.
    Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):9-17 PMID: 2981635
  66. Identification of a selenocysteine-specific aminoacyl transfer RNA from rat liver.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Dec 31;699(3):183-91 PMID: 6925451
  67. Complete nucleotide sequence of a milk-transmitted mouse mammary tumor virus: two frameshift suppression events are required for translation of gag and pol.
    J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):480-90 PMID: 3027377
  68. Translational readthrough of an amber termination codon during synthesis of feline leukemia virus protease.
    J Virol. 1985 Sep;55(3):870-3 PMID: 2991607
  69. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III.
    Nature. 1985 Jan 24-30;313(6000):277-84 PMID: 2578615
  70. Two efficient ribosomal frameshifting events are required for synthesis of mouse mammary tumor virus gag-related polyproteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4298-302 PMID: 3035577
  71. Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3618-22 PMID: 6304725
  72. Nonstructural alfalfa mosaic virus RNA-coded proteins present in tobacco leaf tissue.
    Virology. 1984 Dec;139(2):231-42 PMID: 18639831
  73. Helix geometry, hydration, and G.A mismatch in a B-DNA decamer.
    Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):498-504 PMID: 3310237
  74. Polyamines stimulate suppression of amber termination codons in vitro by normal tRNAs.
    Eur J Biochem. 1980 Apr;105(3):445-51 PMID: 7371642
  75. Mutants of the elongation factor EF-Tu, a new class of nonsense suppressors.
    EMBO J. 1985 Apr;4(4):1049-52 PMID: 3926487
  76. Context effects: translation of UAG codon by suppressor tRNA is affected by the sequence following UAG in the message.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Feb 15;164(1):73-87 PMID: 6188841
  77. A viable mutation in cauliflower mosaic virus, a retroviruslike plant virus, separates its capsid protein and polymerase genes.
    J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1460-3 PMID: 2894473
  78. Lucerne transient streak virus RNA and its translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract.
    Virology. 1983 Jul 15;128(1):176-85 PMID: 18639026
  79. Identification of the coding sequence for a reverse transcriptase-like enzyme in a transposable genetic element in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Nature. 1984 Dec 13-19;312(5995):659-61 PMID: 6209583
  80. Dramatic events in ciliate evolution: alteration of UAA and UAG termination codons to glutamine codons due to anticodon mutations in two Tetrahymena tRNAs.
    EMBO J. 1986 Jun;5(6):1307-11 PMID: 16453685
  81. Animal mitochondrial DNA: an extreme example of genetic economy.
    Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:93-145 PMID: 3891661
  82. A retrovirus-like strategy for expression of a fusion protein encoded by yeast transposon Ty1.
    Nature. 1985 Jan 17-23;313(5999):243-6 PMID: 2982101
  83. Usage of the three termination codons: compilation and analysis of the known eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation termination sequences.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1981;182(3):430-9 PMID: 6946272
  84. Polyamines enhance readthrough of the UGA termination codon in a mammalian messenger RNA.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1983;190(2):336-43 PMID: 6576222
  85. Usage of the three termination codons in a single eukaryotic cell, the Xenopus laevis oocyte.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Aug 11;9(15):3835-50 PMID: 7024919
  86. UGA suppression by normal tRNA Trp in Escherichia coli: codon context effects.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Feb 25;9(4):983-91 PMID: 7015288
  87. In vivo and in vitro translation of the RNAs of four tobamoviruses.
    Intervirology. 1980;14(5-6):292-9 PMID: 7251334
  88. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of Sindbis virus.
    Virology. 1984 Feb;133(1):92-110 PMID: 6322438
  89. An unusual genetic code in nuclear genes of Tetrahymena.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(8):2452-5 PMID: 3921962
  90. Translational frameshifting: where will it stop?
    Cell. 1987 Jul 3;50(1):1-2 PMID: 3297347
  91. The influence of codon context on genetic code translation.
    Nature. 1980 Jul 10;286(5769):123-7 PMID: 7402305
  92. Translation of tobacco rattle virus RNAs in vitro: four proteins from three RNAs.
    Virology. 1979 Sep;97(2):256-65 PMID: 18631603
Article Info
Journal
FEBS letters
Abbr.
FEBS Lett
ISSN
0014-5793
Published
1988-08-01
Pages
1-15
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0155157
PMCID
PMC7130263
Subset
IM
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]