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PMID: 8840784 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

RNA-protein interactions in regulation of picornavirus RNA translation.

Microbiological reviews ·Vol. 60 ·No. 3 ·1996-09-00 ·Pages 499-511

Belsham GJ, Sonenberg N

Abstract

The translation of picornavirus RNA occurs by a cap-independent mechanism directed by a region of about 450 nucleotides from the 5' untranslated region, termed an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Internal initiation of protein synthesis occurs without any requirement for viral proteins. Furthermore, it is maintained when host cell protein synthesis is almost abolished. By using in vitro translation systems, two distinct families of IRES elements which have very different predicted RNA secondary structures have been defined. The cardiovirus and aphthovirus elements function very efficiently in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, whereas the enterovirus and rhinovirus elements function poorly in this system. However, supplementation of this translation system with additional cellular proteins can stimulate translation directed by the enterovirus and rhinovirus RNAs and reduce production of aberrant initiation products. The characterization of cellular proteins interacting with the picornavirus IRES is a major focus of research. Many different protein species can be observed to interact with regions of the IRES by in vitro analyses, e.g., UV cross-linking. However, the function and significance of many of these interactions are not always known. For two proteins, La and the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, evidence has been obtained for a functional role of their interaction with IRES elements.

MeSH Terms
Binding Sites Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational Picornaviridae/genetics,metabolism RNA, Viral/metabolism RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism Ribosomes/metabolism
Chemicals
RNA, Viral RNA-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Belsham G J
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Sonenberg N
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiological reviews
Abbr.
Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0146-0749
DOI
10.1128/mr.60.3.499-511.1996
Published
1996-09-00
Pages
499-511
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7806086
PMCID
PMC239454
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mr.60.3.499-511.1996 PMC Full Text
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