Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 7938549 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

The role of the 5' untranslated region of eukaryotic messenger RNAs in translation and its investigation using antisense technologies.

Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology ·Vol. 48 ·1994-00-00 ·Pages 181-238

Pantopoulos K, Johansson HE, Hentze MW

Abstract

暂无摘要

MeSH Terms
Animals Humans Models, Genetic Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics,metabolism Protein Biosynthesis/genetics RNA, Messenger/genetics,metabolism Ribosomes/genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
Oligonucleotides, Antisense RNA, Messenger
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pantopoulos K
Gene Expression Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
Johansson H E
Hentze M W
References (208)
208 references, click to expand
  1. Cell cycle expression of RNA duplex unwindase activity in mammalian cells.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):770-7 PMID: 2451125
  2. Inhibition of translation of transforming growth factor-beta 3 mRNA by its 5' untranslated region.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4306-13 PMID: 1875922
  3. Inactivation of cap-binding proteins accompanies the shut-off of host protein synthesis by poliovirus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3447-51 PMID: 6954488
  4. Human basic fibroblast growth factor gene encodes four polypeptides: three initiate translation from non-AUG codons.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(11):3978-81 PMID: 2726761
  5. Characterization of oligonucleotide transport into living cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3474-8 PMID: 2726730
  6. Influence of duplexes 3' to the mRNA initiation codon on the efficiency of monosome formation.
    Biochemistry. 1988 May 31;27(11):3975-82 PMID: 3415968
  7. A developmentally regulated activity that unwinds RNA duplexes.
    Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):607-13 PMID: 2434241
  8. Sugar modified oligonucleotides. III (1). Synthesis, nuclease resistance and base pairing properties of alpha- and beta-L-octathymidylates.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Oct 30;172(2):537-43 PMID: 2173569
  9. Terminal 7-methyl-guanosine cap structure on the normally uncapped 5' noncoding region of poliovirus mRNA inhibits its translation in mammalian cells.
    J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):6312-5 PMID: 1656097
  10. Translational activation of the lck proto-oncogene.
    Nature. 1988 Mar 10;332(6160):171-3 PMID: 3347254
  11. Mechanism of oligonucleotide uptake by cells: involvement of specific receptors?
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6454-8 PMID: 2549537
  12. Do the poly(A) tail and 3' untranslated region control mRNA translation?
    Cell. 1990 Jul 13;62(1):15-24 PMID: 1973075
  13. Sugar modified oligonucleotides: synthesis, nuclease resistance and base pairing of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 1-(4'-thio-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-thymine.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):797-803 PMID: 1315535
  14. Rapid nuclear accumulation of injected oligodeoxyribonucleotides.
    New Biol. 1990 Dec;2(12):1091-100 PMID: 1708281
  15. Nucleoside phosphorothioates.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:367-402 PMID: 2411211
  16. Analysis of mRNA populations by cDNA.mRNA hybrid-mediated inhibition of cell-free protein synthesis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1217-21 PMID: 274713
  17. A Drosophila model for xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne's syndrome: haywire encodes the fly homolog of ERCC3, a human excision repair gene.
    Cell. 1992 Dec 11;71(6):925-37 PMID: 1458540
  18. Translational control during early development.
    Bioessays. 1991 Apr;13(4):179-83 PMID: 1859396
  19. The regulation of translation by the 5' untranslated region of Xenopus c-myc I mRNA during early development.
    Oncogene. 1992 May;7(5):1037-41 PMID: 1570150
  20. Alterations in mRNA translation as a mechanism for the modification of enzyme synthesis during evolution. The ornithine decarboxylase model.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 May 15;267(14):10108-15 PMID: 1374399
  21. Malignant transformation by a eukaryotic initiation factor subunit that binds to mRNA 5' cap.
    Nature. 1990 Jun 7;345(6275):544-7 PMID: 2348862
  22. Mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
    Microbiol Rev. 1992 Jun;56(2):291-315 PMID: 1620067
  23. 2'-O-alkyl oligoribonucleotides as antisense probes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7747-51 PMID: 2145581
  24. 5'-terminal cap structure in eucaryotic messenger ribonucleic acids.
    Microbiol Rev. 1980 Jun;44(2):175-205 PMID: 6247631
  25. Prokaryotic-like cis elements in the cap-independent internal initiation of translation on picornavirus RNA.
    Cell. 1992 Jan 10;68(1):119-31 PMID: 1310072
  26. Suppression of ribosomal reinitiation at upstream open reading frames in amino acid-starved cells forms the basis for GCN4 translational control.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):486-96 PMID: 1986242
  27. Role of RNase H in hybrid-arrested translation by antisense oligonucleotides.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5011-5 PMID: 2839827
  28. Chemical modifications to improve uptake and bioavailability of antisense oligonucleotides.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Oct 28;660:306-9 PMID: 1364095
  29. Mutational analysis of a DEAD box RNA helicase: the mammalian translation initiation factor eIF-4A.
    EMBO J. 1992 Jul;11(7):2643-54 PMID: 1378397
  30. Picornavirus RNA translation continues to surprise.
    Trends Genet. 1991 Apr;7(4):105-6 PMID: 2068777
  31. Initiation of mRNA translation in prokaryotes.
    Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 26;29(25):5881-9 PMID: 2200518
  32. Translation initiation factors induce DNA synthesis and transform NIH 3T3 cells.
    New Biol. 1990 Jul;2(7):648-54 PMID: 2083255
  33. Function of P11, a tertiary base pairing in self-splicing introns of subgroup IA.
    J Mol Biol. 1991 Oct 20;221(4):1153-64 PMID: 1942046
  34. cis-acting translational effects of the 5' noncoding region of c-myc mRNA.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jul;8(7):2875-83 PMID: 3043198
  35. RNA pseudoknots that interact with components of the translation apparatus.
    Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):9-12 PMID: 2473840
  36. Translational control of prokaryotic gene expression.
    Trends Genet. 1990 Mar;6(3):78-85 PMID: 2183416
  37. Antimessenger oligodeoxyribonucleotides: an alternative to antisense RNA for artificial regulation of gene expression--a review.
    Gene. 1988 Dec 10;72(1-2):51-8 PMID: 2468575
  38. Human beta-globin pre-mRNA synthesized in vitro is accurately spliced in Xenopus oocyte nuclei.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):681-94 PMID: 6550524
  39. Inhibition of viral growth by an alpha-oligonucleotide directed to the splice junction of herpes simplex virus type-1 immediate-early pre-mRNA species 22 and 47.
    Eur J Biochem. 1993 Aug 15;216(1):19-24 PMID: 8396028
  40. Cap recognition and the entry of mRNA into the protein synthesis initiation cycle.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Feb;13(2):52-6 PMID: 3238751
  41. Mechanisms of the inhibition of reverse transcription by antisense oligonucleotides.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):768-72 PMID: 1370586
  42. SSL2, a suppressor of a stem-loop mutation in the HIS4 leader encodes the yeast homolog of human ERCC-3.
    Cell. 1992 Jun 12;69(6):1031-42 PMID: 1318786
  43. Short modified antisense oligonucleotides directed against Ha-ras point mutation induce selective cleavage of the mRNA and inhibit T24 cells proliferation.
    EMBO J. 1991 May;10(5):1111-8 PMID: 1850694
  44. Capping of eucaryotic mRNAs.
    Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 PT 2):645-53 PMID: 1017010
  45. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):280-4 PMID: 75545
  46. The role of eIF-4C in protein synthesis initiation complex formation.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Jun 27;608(1):39-46 PMID: 6901506
  47. Cap recap: the involvement of eIF-4F in regulating gene expression.
    Cell. 1992 Jan 24;68(2):177-180 PMID: 1733496
  48. Identification of a novel iron-responsive element in murine and human erythroid delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA.
    EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1903-9 PMID: 2050126
  49. tRNAi(met) functions in directing the scanning ribosome to the start site of translation.
    Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):93-7 PMID: 3051379
  50. Enhanced cellular uptake of biotinylated antisense oligonucleotide or peptide mediated by avidin, a cationic protein.
    FEBS Lett. 1991 Aug 19;288(1-2):30-2 PMID: 1879560
  51. Non-snRNP protein splicing factors.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Jun 25;1173(3):247-65 PMID: 8318535
  52. Phosphorothioates in molecular biology.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1989 Mar;14(3):97-100 PMID: 2658220
  53. Genetics and molecular biology of telomeres.
    Adv Genet. 1992;30:185-249 PMID: 1456111
  54. Oligopyrimidine tract at the 5' end of mammalian ribosomal protein mRNAs is required for their translational control.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3319-23 PMID: 2014251
  55. Autoregulation of human thymidylate synthase messenger RNA translation by thymidylate synthase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8977-81 PMID: 1924359
  56. Regulation of translation by poliovirus.
    Adv Virus Res. 1987;33:175-204 PMID: 3035905
  57. Multiple upstream AUG codons mediate translational control of GCN4.
    Cell. 1986 Apr 25;45(2):201-7 PMID: 3516411
  58. Ribosomal protein production in normal and anucleolate Xenopus embryos: regulation at the posttranscriptional and translational levels.
    Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):317-23 PMID: 4016954
  59. Sugar modified oligonucleotides. I. Carbo-oligodeoxynucleotides as potential antisense agents.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):742-7 PMID: 2557019
  60. Regulating the fate of mRNA: the control of cellular iron metabolism.
    Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):19-28 PMID: 8380757
  61. Translation of the mRNA of the maize transcriptional activator Opaque-2 is inhibited by upstream open reading frames present in the leader sequence.
    Plant Cell. 1993 Jan;5(1):65-73 PMID: 8439744
  62. Inhibition of rabbit beta-globin synthesis by complementary oligonucleotides: identification of mRNA sites sensitive to inhibition.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Jun;263(2):401-9 PMID: 3377510
  63. Binding and release of radiolabeled eukaryotic initiation factors 2 and 3 during 80 S initiation complex formation.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 10;254(7):2509-16 PMID: 429297
  64. The novel mechanism of initiation of picornavirus RNA translation.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Dec;15(12):477-83 PMID: 2077688
  65. Internal entry of ribosomes on a tricistronic mRNA encoded by infectious bronchitis virus.
    J Virol. 1992 Oct;66(10):6143-54 PMID: 1527853
  66. Characterization of the infections of permissive and nonpermissive cells by host range mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus defective in RNA methylation.
    Virology. 1984 Oct 15;138(1):1-15 PMID: 6093352
  67. A novel method to stabilise antisense oligonucleotides against exonuclease degradation.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jun 25;21(12):2957-8 PMID: 8392712
  68. A segment of GCN4 mRNA containing the upstream AUG codons confers translational control upon a heterologous yeast transcript.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2863-7 PMID: 3554249
  69. Translation arrest by oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to mRNA coding sequences yields polypeptides of predetermined length.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Feb 11;14(3):1427-48 PMID: 3633502
  70. Nonlinear ribosome migration on cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA.
    Cell. 1993 May 21;73(4):789-802 PMID: 8500171
  71. Xenopus myc proto-oncogene during development: expression as a stable maternal mRNA uncoupled from cell division.
    EMBO J. 1986 Dec 20;5(13):3563-70 PMID: 3549280
  72. Cytoplasmic regulation of mRNA function: the importance of the 3' untranslated region.
    Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):9-14 PMID: 7687524
  73. mRNA structures influencing translation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1591-601 PMID: 2837649
  74. Gene regulation: translational initiation by internal ribosome binding.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1993 Apr;3(2):295-300 PMID: 8504255
  75. Chemical nucleic acid synthesis, modification and labelling.
    Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1993 Feb;4(1):20-8 PMID: 7763388
  76. Antisense oligonucleotides as antiviral agents.
    Trends Biotechnol. 1992 May;10(5):152-8 PMID: 1368317
  77. Selection of AUG initiation codons differs in plants and animals.
    EMBO J. 1987 Jan;6(1):43-8 PMID: 3556162
  78. Targeted degradation of mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and embryos directed by modified oligonucleotides: studies of An2 and cyclin in embryogenesis.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Aug 25;18(16):4751-7 PMID: 1697675
  79. Cardioviral internal ribosomal entry site is functional in a genetically engineered dicistronic poliovirus.
    Nature. 1992 Mar 19;356(6366):255-7 PMID: 1313153
  80. A factor that specifically binds to the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA.
    FEBS Lett. 1990 Feb 26;261(2):237-40 PMID: 2155820
  81. Role of the 2'-hydroxyl in polynucleotide conformation. Poly 2'-O-methyluridylic acid.
    FEBS Lett. 1970 May 11;8(1):52-54 PMID: 11947530
  82. Isolation and nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for Xenopus laevis ribosomal protein S8: similarities in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs for various r-proteins.
    Gene. 1988 Jul 15;67(1):69-74 PMID: 2843441
  83. Antisense RNA.
    Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1990;25(3):155-84 PMID: 1695130
  84. Phosphoroselenoate oligodeoxynucleotides: synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, anti-sense inhibitory properties and anti-HIV activity.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 25;17(20):8207-19 PMID: 2682524
  85. The pim-1 oncogene encodes two related protein-serine/threonine kinases by alternative initiation at AUG and CUG.
    EMBO J. 1991 Mar;10(3):655-64 PMID: 1825810
  86. Mutations at a Zn(II) finger motif in the yeast eIF-2 beta gene alter ribosomal start-site selection during the scanning process.
    Cell. 1988 Aug 26;54(5):621-32 PMID: 3136928
  87. Cloning, expression, and transcriptional properties of the human enhancer factor TEF-1.
    Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):551-68 PMID: 1851669
  88. Inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation by receptor-mediated uptake of c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7031-5 PMID: 1495997
  89. Cap-independent translation of poliovirus mRNA is conferred by sequence elements within the 5' noncoding region.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Mar;8(3):1103-12 PMID: 2835660
  90. Ribosome gymnastics--degree of difficulty 9.5, style 10.0.
    Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):413-23 PMID: 2199062
  91. Translational repression in eukaryotes: partial purification and characterization of a repressor of ferritin mRNA translation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9503-7 PMID: 3200835
  92. Cell-specific translational regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA. Dependence on translation and coding capacity of the cis-acting upstream open reading frame.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):726-31 PMID: 8416975
  93. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):285-8 PMID: 75546
  94. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA affect the translational efficiency.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 15;265(20):11810-6 PMID: 2365700
  95. The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone.
    Nature. 1986 Dec 18-31;324(6098):635-40 PMID: 2879242
  96. Effects of long 5' leader sequences on initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes in vitro.
    Gene Expr. 1991 May;1(2):117-25 PMID: 1820209
  97. A conserved element in the leader mediates post-meiotic translation as well as cytoplasmic polyadenylation of a Drosophila spermatocyte mRNA.
    EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(13):4519-25 PMID: 2124974
  98. The 5' untranslated region of mRNA for ribosomal protein S19 is involved in its translational regulation during Xenopus development.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;10(2):816-22 PMID: 2300060
  99. Evidence that the GCN2 protein kinase regulates reinitiation by yeast ribosomes.
    EMBO J. 1988 Nov;7(11):3547-51 PMID: 3061799
  100. Downstream secondary structure facilitates recognition of initiator codons by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8301-5 PMID: 2236042
  101. Cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.
    J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6249-56 PMID: 1404591
  102. A short leader sequence impairs the fidelity of initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Gene Expr. 1991 May;1(2):111-5 PMID: 1820208
  103. Novel mechanism for translational control in regulation of ferritin synthesis by iron.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Mar;73(3):857-61 PMID: 1083028
  104. Sequence-dependent hydrolysis of RNA using modified oligonucleotide splints and RNase H.
    FEBS Lett. 1987 May 11;215(2):327-30 PMID: 2438160
  105. A liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein, LAP, and a transcriptional inhibitory protein, LIP, are translated from the same mRNA.
    Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):569-79 PMID: 1934061
  106. Phosphorylation of initiation factor 2 alpha by protein kinase GCN2 mediates gene-specific translational control of GCN4 in yeast.
    Cell. 1992 Feb 7;68(3):585-96 PMID: 1739968
  107. Translation inhibition by an mRNA coding region secondary structure is determined by its proximity to the AUG initiation codon.
    J Mol Biol. 1992 Aug 5;226(3):609-21 PMID: 1507219
  108. Mutations in the structural genes for eukaryotic initiation factors 2 alpha and 2 beta of Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupt translational control of GCN4 mRNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7515-9 PMID: 2678106
  109. Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of human ferritin mRNA.
    Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1570-3 PMID: 3685996
  110. Comparative activity of alpha- and beta-anomeric oligonucleotides on rabbit beta globin synthesis: inhibitory effect of cap targeted alpha-oligonucleotides.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Oct 16;164(1):311-8 PMID: 2803305
  111. Substrate specificity and kinetics of degradation of antisense oligonucleotides by a 3' exonuclease in plasma.
    Antisense Res Dev. 1991 Summer;1(2):141-51 PMID: 1841656
  112. Antisense oligonucleotides inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression by two distinct mechanisms.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):18162-71 PMID: 1680858
  113. Interaction of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein with the internal translation initiation site of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
    J Virol. 1991 Dec;65(12):6486-94 PMID: 1658355
  114. Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of antisense oligonucleotides.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1992 May;2(5):139-44 PMID: 14731968
  115. Antisense RNA injections in fertilized frog eggs reveal an RNA duplex unwinding activity.
    Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):599-605 PMID: 2434240
  116. Dual initiation sites of protein synthesis on foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA are selected following internal entry and scanning of ribosomes in vivo.
    EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1105-10 PMID: 1339342
  117. A presumed DNA helicase encoded by ERCC-3 is involved in the human repair disorders xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne's syndrome.
    Cell. 1990 Aug 24;62(4):777-91 PMID: 2167179
  118. A segment of the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA directs internal entry of ribosomes during in vitro translation.
    J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2636-43 PMID: 2839690
  119. Iron regulates ferritin mRNA translation through a segment of its 5' untranslated region.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8478-82 PMID: 3479802
  120. 5'-Terminal 7-methylguanosine and mRNA function: influence of potassium concentration on translation in vitro.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3254-8 PMID: 269388
  121. La autoantigen enhances and corrects aberrant translation of poliovirus RNA in reticulocyte lysate.
    J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3798-807 PMID: 8389906
  122. An unwinding activity that covalently modifies its double-stranded RNA substrate.
    Cell. 1988 Dec 23;55(6):1089-98 PMID: 3203381
  123. Antisense oligonucleotides made of 2'-O-alkylRNA: their properties and applications in RNA biochemistry.
    FEBS Lett. 1993 Jun 28;325(1-2):123-7 PMID: 7685712
  124. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing 2'-O-modified adenosine: synthesis and effects on stability of DNA:RNA duplexes.
    Biochemistry. 1993 Aug 3;32(30):7832-8 PMID: 7688569
  125. Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):283-92 PMID: 3943125
  126. Monomethylated cap structures facilitate RNA export from the nucleus.
    Cell. 1990 Oct 5;63(1):109-18 PMID: 2208274
  127. Effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization on in vitro translation of potato virus Y RNA.
    Virus Genes. 1992 Jan;6(1):33-46 PMID: 1549909
  128. Oligonucleotide N-alkylphosphoramidates: synthesis and binding to polynucleotides.
    Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 20;27(19):7237-46 PMID: 3264723
  129. How do eucaryotic ribosomes select initiation regions in messenger RNA?
    Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1109-23 PMID: 215319
  130. Ferritin mRNA: interactions of iron regulatory element with translational regulator protein P-90 and the effect on base-paired flanking regions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4166-70 PMID: 1903535
  131. The mechanism of action of protein synthesis initiation factors from rabbit reticulocytes.
    J Biol Chem. 1978 May 10;253(9):3078-87 PMID: 641056
  132. Proteolysis of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex is not sufficient for complete inhibition of host cell protein synthesis after poliovirus infection.
    J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):986-91 PMID: 3029432
  133. Influences of mRNA secondary structure on initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2850-4 PMID: 3458245
  134. Sequence specific inhibition of in vitro translation of mutated or normal ras p21.
    J Exp Pathol. 1989;4(2):97-108 PMID: 2671311
  135. Walking along human c-myc mRNA with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: maximum efficacy at the 5' cap region.
    Oncogene Res. 1991;6(1):13-9 PMID: 1997945
  136. Control of protein synthesis in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells. I. mRNA discrimination by crude initiation factors.
    J Virol. 1978 May;26(2):510-21 PMID: 207899
  137. Translation in mammalian cells of a gene linked to the poliovirus 5' noncoding region.
    Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):445-8 PMID: 2839901
  138. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon.
    Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):379-90 PMID: 1695551
  139. 5'-Terminal structure and mRNA stability.
    Nature. 1977 Mar 17;266(5599):235-9 PMID: 557727
  140. Export of mRNA from microinjected nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes.
    J Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;118(1):1-9 PMID: 1618896
  141. Differential efficiencies of in vitro translation of mouse c-myc transcripts differing in the 5' untranslated region.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(8):2315-9 PMID: 3857582
  142. Juxtaposition of domains homologous to protein kinases and histidyl-tRNA synthetases in GCN2 protein suggests a mechanism for coupling GCN4 expression to amino acid availability.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(12):4579-83 PMID: 2660141
  143. Ribosomal protein L32 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates both splicing and translation of its own transcript.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 15;268(26):19669-74 PMID: 8366109
  144. Antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents--is the bullet really magical?
    Science. 1993 Aug 20;261(5124):1004-12 PMID: 8351515
  145. Effect of the terminal phosphate derivatization of beta- and alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides on their antisense activity in protein biosynthesis, stability and uptake by eucaryotic cells.
    Biochimie. 1992 May;74(5):485-9 PMID: 1322180
  146. Expression of the Rous sarcoma virus env gene from a simian virus 40 late-region replacement vector: effects of upstream initiation codons.
    J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1276-81 PMID: 3029425
  147. Synthesis of adeno-associated virus structural proteins requires both alternative mRNA splicing and alternative initiations from a single transcript.
    J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2745-54 PMID: 2839699
  148. Translational dynamics. Interactions between the translational factors, tRNA and ribosomes during eukaryotic protein synthesis.
    Eur J Biochem. 1990 Jul 20;191(1):1-17 PMID: 2199194
  149. Antisense gene inhibition by oligonucleotides containing C-5 propyne pyrimidines.
    Science. 1993 Jun 4;260(5113):1510-3 PMID: 7684856
  150. A specific mRNA binding factor regulates the iron-dependent stability of cytoplasmic transferrin receptor mRNA.
    Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):373-82 PMID: 2752428
  151. mRNAs containing extensive secondary structure in their 5' non-coding region translate efficiently in cells overexpressing initiation factor eIF-4E.
    EMBO J. 1992 Nov;11(11):4153-8 PMID: 1396596
  152. Translational repression by a complex between the iron-responsive element of ferritin mRNA and its specific cytoplasmic binding protein is position-dependent in vivo.
    EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(12):4127-33 PMID: 1701143
  153. Uniformly modified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro phosphorothioate oligonucleotides as nuclease-resistant antisense compounds with high affinity and specificity for RNA targets.
    J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):831-41 PMID: 8464037
  154. Translational control of ribosomal protein synthesis during early Dictyostelium discoideum development.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Mar;7(3):965-72 PMID: 2882416
  155. Cloning of the cDNA of the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha) kinase of rabbit reticulocytes: homology to yeast GCN2 protein kinase and human double-stranded-RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7729-33 PMID: 1679235
  156. Initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation: the authentic initiation site is not selected by a scanning mechanism.
    EMBO J. 1990 Nov;9(11):3753-9 PMID: 2170120
  157. Mechanisms of gene regulation in the general control of amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):248-73 PMID: 3045517
  158. Multiple cis-acting elements modulate the translational efficiency of GCN4 mRNA in yeast.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4849-53 PMID: 3088566
  159. Initiation of protein synthesis by internal entry of ribosomes into the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in vivo.
    J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1651-60 PMID: 2538648
  160. An analysis of vertebrate mRNA sequences: intimations of translational control.
    J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(4):887-903 PMID: 1955461
  161. Inhibition of translational initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by secondary structure: the roles of the stability and position of stem-loops in the mRNA leader.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Aug;9(3):521-32 PMID: 8412699
  162. Homeotic gene Antennapedia mRNA contains 5'-noncoding sequences that confer translational initiation by internal ribosome binding.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Sep;6(9):1643-53 PMID: 1355457
  163. Antisense strategies in cell and developmental biology.
    J Cell Sci. 1990 Nov;97 ( Pt 3):399-409 PMID: 2074263
  164. Ribosomal frameshifting, jumping and readthrough.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Dec;3(6):1051-5 PMID: 1814364
  165. Internal binding of eucaryotic ribosomes on poliovirus RNA: translation in HeLa cell extracts.
    J Virol. 1989 Jan;63(1):441-4 PMID: 2535747
  166. 4'-Thio-oligo-beta-D-ribonucleotides: synthesis of beta-4'-thio-oligouridylates, nuclease resistance, base pairing properties, and interaction with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Apr 11;21(7):1587-93 PMID: 7683133
  167. In vitro mutational analysis of cis-acting RNA translational elements within the poliovirus type 2 5' untranslated region.
    J Virol. 1991 Nov;65(11):5895-901 PMID: 1656078
  168. Phosphorodithioate DNA as a potential therapeutic drug.
    Science. 1993 Mar 12;259(5101):1564-70 PMID: 7681216
  169. Human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase: promoter analysis and identification of an iron-responsive element in the mRNA.
    EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1891-902 PMID: 2050125
  170. Characterization of ribonuclease H activities present in two cell-free protein synthesizing systems, the wheat germ extract and the rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
    Biochimie. 1993;75(1-2):113-22 PMID: 8389210
  171. The deletion of 41 proximal nucleotides reverts a poliovirus mutant containing a temperature-sensitive lesion in the 5' noncoding region of genomic RNA.
    J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):847-62 PMID: 2536107
  172. Regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis by initiation factors.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 15;268(5):3017-20 PMID: 8428975
  173. Cell proteins bind to multiple sites within the 5' untranslated region of poliovirus RNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8299-303 PMID: 2554308
  174. cis-trans models for post-transcriptional gene regulation.
    Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):870-2 PMID: 2683086
  175. Translational regulation by mRNA/protein interactions in eukaryotic cells: ferritin and beyond.
    Bioessays. 1993 Feb;15(2):85-90 PMID: 8471060
  176. Identification of positive-acting domains in GCN2 protein kinase required for translational activation of GCN4 expression.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2820-31 PMID: 2188100
  177. Translational activation of the non-AUG-initiated c-myc 1 protein at high cell densities due to methionine deprivation.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Jul;6(7):1229-40 PMID: 1628829
  178. RNA pseudoknot domain of tobacco mosaic virus can functionally substitute for a poly(A) tail in plant and animal cells.
    Genes Dev. 1990 Jul;4(7):1149-57 PMID: 1976569
  179. Initiation of translation of human rhinovirus RNA: mapping the internal ribosome entry site.
    Virology. 1992 Jun;188(2):685-96 PMID: 1316679
  180. Structural gene identification and mapping by DNA-mRNA hybrid-arrested cell-free translation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4370-4 PMID: 270678
  181. Internal initiation of translation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a sequence derived from poliovirus RNA.
    Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):320-5 PMID: 2839775
  182. A region of the 5' noncoding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA directs efficient internal initiation of protein synthesis within cells: involvement with the role of L protease in translational control.
    J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5389-95 PMID: 2170677
  183. Translation of insulin-related polypeptides from messenger RNAs with tandemly reiterated copies of the ribosome binding site.
    Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):971-8 PMID: 6627393
  184. Interaction of protein synthesis initiation factors with the mRNA cap structure.
    Biochimie. 1992 May;74(5):463-75 PMID: 1637872
  185. Insertion mutagenesis to increase secondary structure within the 5' noncoding region of a eukaryotic mRNA reduces translational efficiency.
    Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):515-26 PMID: 2982496
  186. Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6077-81 PMID: 2762315
  187. Informational drugs: a new concept in pharmacology.
    Antisense Res Dev. 1991 Summer;1(2):191-3 PMID: 1841660
  188. Identification of an RNA binding site for human thymidylate synthase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 15;90(2):517-21 PMID: 8421684
  189. The scanning model for translation: an update.
    J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):229-41 PMID: 2645293
  190. Polypyrimidine tracts and their binding proteins: regulatory sites for posttranscriptional modulation of gene expression.
    Biochemistry. 1993 Mar 30;32(12):2931-7 PMID: 8457557
  191. Expression of ribosomal protein genes and regulation of ribosome biosynthesis in Xenopus development.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1989 May;14(5):175-8 PMID: 2672437
  192. Progress toward oligonucleotide therapeutics: pharmacodynamic properties.
    FASEB J. 1993 Apr 1;7(6):533-9 PMID: 7682523
  193. Sequences mediating the translation of mouse S16 ribosomal protein mRNA during myoblast differentiation and in vitro and possible control points for the in vitro translation.
    Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1723-36 PMID: 1885008
  194. D-E-A-D protein family of putative RNA helicases.
    Mol Microbiol. 1992 Feb;6(3):283-91 PMID: 1552844
  195. Intracellular distribution of microinjected antisense oligonucleotides.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2702-6 PMID: 1849273
  196. Medicinal chemistry of antisense oligonucleotides--future opportunities.
    Anticancer Drug Des. 1991 Dec;6(6):585-607 PMID: 1772571
  197. Yeast translation initiation suppressor sui2 encodes the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and shares sequence identity with the human alpha subunit.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(8):2784-8 PMID: 2649894
  198. SSL1, a suppressor of a HIS4 5'-UTR stem-loop mutation, is essential for translation initiation and affects UV resistance in yeast.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Dec;6(12B):2463-77 PMID: 1340463
  199. Involvement of an initiation factor and protein phosphorylation in translational control of GCN4 mRNA.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Apr;15(4):148-52 PMID: 2187295
  200. A cellular protein that binds to the 5'-noncoding region of poliovirus RNA: implications for internal translation initiation.
    Genes Dev. 1989 Jul;3(7):1026-34 PMID: 2550319
  201. An RNA sequence of hundreds of nucleotides at the 5' end of poliovirus RNA is involved in allowing viral protein synthesis.
    J Virol. 1988 Jul;62(7):2291-9 PMID: 2836612
  202. Internal initiation of translation mediated by the 5' leader of a cellular mRNA.
    Nature. 1991 Sep 5;353(6339):90-4 PMID: 1652694
  203. C-myc expression is dissociated from DNA synthesis and cell division in Xenopus oocyte and early embryonic development.
    EMBO J. 1986 Dec 20;5(13):3571-7 PMID: 3549281
  204. Pseudo--half-knot formation with RNA.
    Science. 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):958-61 PMID: 1502560
  205. Oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidates and phosphorothioates as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7079-83 PMID: 3174622
  206. Cap-independent translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA: structural elements of the internal ribosomal entry site and involvement of a cellular 57-kD RNA-binding protein.
    Genes Dev. 1990 Sep;4(9):1560-72 PMID: 2174810
  207. Coupling of GCN4 mRNA translational activation with decreased rates of polypeptide chain initiation.
    Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):947-54 PMID: 2661015
  208. Recombinant iron-regulatory factor functions as an iron-responsive-element-binding protein, a translational repressor and an aconitase. A functional assay for translational repression and direct demonstration of the iron switch.
    Eur J Biochem. 1993 Dec 1;218(2):657-67 PMID: 8269957
Article Info
Journal
Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology
Abbr.
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol
ISSN
0079-6603
DOI
10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60856-9
Published
1994-00-00
Pages
181-238
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0102753
PMCID
PMC7133200
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60856-9 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2