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PMID: 8092860 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Review

Genetics of lactobacilli: plasmids and gene expression.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ·Vol. 64 ·No. 2 ·1993-00-00 ·Pages 85-107

Pouwels PH, Leer RJ

Abstract

This paper reviews the present knowledge of the structure and properties of small (< 5 kb) plasmids present in Lactobacillus spp. The data show that plasmids from Lactobacillus spp., like many plasmids from other Gram-positive bacteria, display a modular organization and replicate by a mechanism of rolling circle replication. Structurally, plasmids from lactobacilli are closely related to plasmids from other Gram-positive bacteria. They contain elements (plus- and minus origin of replication, element(s) for control of plasmid replication, mobilization function) showing extensive similarity to analogous elements in plasmids from these other organisms. It is believed that lactobacilli have acquired such elements by intra- and/or intergenic transfer mechanisms. The first part of the review is concluded with a description of plasmid vectors with a Lactobacillus replicon and integrative vectors, including data concerning their structural and segregational stability. In the second part of this review we describe the progress that has been made during the last few years in identifying and characterizing elements that control expression of genetic information in lactobacilli. Based on the sequence of eleven identified and twenty presumed promoters, some preliminary conclusions can be drawn regarding the structure of Lactobacillus promoters. A typical Lactobacillus promoter shows significant similarity to promoters from E. coli and B. subtilis. An analysis of published sequences of seventy genes indicates that the region encompassing the translation start codon AUG also shows extensive similarity to that of E. coli and B. subtilis. Codon usage of Lactobacillus genes is not random and shows interspecies as well as intraspecies heterogeneity. Interspecies differences may, in part, be explained by differences in G+C content of different lactobacilli. Differences in gene expression levels can, to a large extent, account for intraspecies differences of codon usage bias. Finally, we review the knowledge that has become available concerning protein secretion and heterologous gene expression in lactobacilli. This part is concluded with a compilation of data on the expression in Lactobacillus of heterologous genes under the control of their own promoter or under control of a Lactobacillus promoter.

Related Genes
repA
MeSH Terms
Bacillus subtilis/genetics Base Sequence Chromosomes, Bacterial/physiology Codon/genetics Escherichia coli/genetics Gene Expression Genes, Bacterial Lactobacillus/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Plasmids Promoter Regions, Genetic Protein Biosynthesis Replicon Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Codon
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pouwels P H
Department Molecular Genetics and Gene-Technology, TNO Medical Biological Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Leer R J
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Article Info
Journal
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Abbr.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
ISSN
0003-6072
DOI
10.1007/BF00873020
Published
1993-00-00
Pages
85-107
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
0372625
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00873020 View journal details
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