Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 3011752 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Nucleotide sequence, transcript mapping, and regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal of bacteriology ·Vol. 166 ·No. 3 ·1986-06-00 ·Pages 914-23

Madura K, Prakash S

Abstract

We determined the nucleotide sequence, mapped the 5' and 3' mRNA termini, and examined the regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A long open reading frame within the RAD2 transcribed region encodes a protein of 1,031 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 117,847. A disruption of the RAD2 gene that deletes the 78 carboxyl terminal codons results in loss of RAD2 function. The 5' ends of RAD2 mRNA show considerable heterogeneity, mapping 5 to 62 nucleotides upstream of the first ATG codon of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The longest RAD2 transcripts also contain a short open reading frame of 37 codons that precedes and overlaps the 5' end of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The RAD2 3' mRNA end maps 171 nucleotides downstream of the TAA termination codon and 20 nucleotides downstream from a 12-base-pair inverted repeat that might function in transcript termination. Northern blot analysis showed a ninefold increase in steady-state levels of RAD2 mRNA after treatment of yeast cells with UV light. The 5' flanking region of the RAD2 gene contains several direct and inverted repeats and a 44-nucleotide-long purine-rich tract. The sequence T G G A G G C A T T A A found at position -167 to -156 in the RAD2 gene is similar to a sequence present in the 5' flanking regions of the RAD7 and RAD10 genes.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Endonucleases/metabolism Fungal Proteins/analysis,genetics Gene Expression Regulation Genes, Fungal Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Fungal Proteins Endonucleases Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Madura K
Prakash S
References (57)
57 references, click to expand
  1. The nucleotide sequence of the uvrD gene of E. coli.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5789-99 PMID: 6379604
  2. Expression of the E. coli uvrA gene is inducible.
    Nature. 1981 Feb 26;289(5800):808-10 PMID: 6780917
  3. Nucleosome reconstitution on plasmid-inserted poly(dA) . poly(dT).
    EMBO J. 1982;1(2):173-9 PMID: 6325153
  4. A DNA repair gene required for the incision of damaged DNA is essential for viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4818-21 PMID: 6308653
  5. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA ligase gene (CDC9) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a gene which is cell-cycle regulated and induced in response to DNA damage.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Dec 9;13(23):8323-37 PMID: 3909103
  6. Beta-galactosidase gene fusions for analyzing gene expression in escherichia coli and yeast.
    Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:293-308 PMID: 6312261
  7. DNA sequences of two yeast promoter-up mutants.
    Nature. 1983 Aug 18-24;304(5927):652-4 PMID: 6348555
  8. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD2 gene: isolation, subcloning, and partial characterization.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;4(2):290-5 PMID: 6366519
  9. DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast.
    Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):563-73 PMID: 6280875
  10. RAD7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: transcripts, nucleotide sequence analysis, and functional relationship between the RAD7 and RAD23 gene products.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1497-507 PMID: 3023893
  11. Isolation and characterization of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inviability of rad3 deletion mutants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5680-4 PMID: 16593371
  12. RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein containing a tract of 13 consecutive aspartates.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):168-72 PMID: 3881753
  13. A yeast protein analogous to Escherichia coli RecA protein whose cellular level is enhanced after UV irradiation.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1985;201(1):20-4 PMID: 3903433
  14. Molecular cloning and characterization of the RAD1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Gene. 1983 Dec;26(2-3):119-26 PMID: 6368317
  15. Defective excision of pyrimidine dimers and interstrand DNA crosslinks in rad7 and rad23 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1982;188(2):235-9 PMID: 6759871
  16. Specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes are expressed in response to DNA-damaging agents.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):75-84 PMID: 3920512
  17. Molecular cloning of the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Gene. 1985;34(1):55-61 PMID: 3891515
  18. Spliced early mRNAs of simian virus 40.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1274-8 PMID: 206891
  19. Regulation of the uvrC gene of Escherichia coli K12: localization and characterization of a damage-inducible promoter.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2313-8 PMID: 6321159
  20. Deletion mapping of sequences essential for in vivo transcription of the iso-1-cytochrome c gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2258-62 PMID: 6264471
  21. Rapid and sensitive protein similarity searches.
    Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1435-41 PMID: 2983426
  22. Nucleosomes will not form on double-stranded RNa or over poly(dA).poly(dT) tracts in recombinant DNA.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 21;9(24):6869-88 PMID: 7335494
  23. The relationship between the "TATA" sequence and transcription initiation sites at the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8557-61 PMID: 3909147
  24. Identification of the uvrD gene product of Escherichia coli as DNA helicase II and its induction by DNA-damaging agents.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 10;259(3):1560-5 PMID: 6319401
  25. Regulation of CDC9, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that encodes DNA ligase.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):226-35 PMID: 3885010
  26. Organisation and sequences at the 5' end of a cloned complete ovalbumin gene.
    Nature. 1979 Mar 29;278(5703):428-34 PMID: 450048
  27. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 PMID: 271968
  28. Incision and postincision steps of pyrimidine dimer removal in excision-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Bacteriol. 1981 Nov;148(2):618-23 PMID: 7028721
  29. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857-72 PMID: 6694911
  30. Expression of the RAD1 and RAD3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not affected by DNA damage or during the cell division cycle.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1985;199(1):59-63 PMID: 3923299
  31. Inducible DNA repair systems.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:425-57 PMID: 3896123
  32. Codon selection in yeast.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3026-31 PMID: 7037777
  33. Initiation of translation at internal AUG codons in mammalian cells.
    Nature. 1984 May 3-9;309(5963):82-5 PMID: 6717585
  34. Regulation of the Escherichia coli K-12 uvrB operon.
    J Bacteriol. 1982 May;150(2):676-85 PMID: 6802798
  35. Mapping of RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5' termini of 15 S beta-globin mRNA precursor and mature 10 s beta-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 10;7(5):1175-93 PMID: 390497
  36. Transcription terminates in yeast distal to a control sequence.
    Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):607-14 PMID: 6305514
  37. RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence of wild-type and mutant alleles, transcript mapping, and aspects of gene regulation.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):17-26 PMID: 3885009
  38. Preliminary characterization of the transcriptional and translational products of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell division cycle gene CDC28.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Apr;2(4):412-25 PMID: 6287237
  39. Isolation and characterization of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Gene. 1984 Oct;30(1-3):121-8 PMID: 6392021
  40. A yeast excision-repair gene is inducible by DNA damaging agents.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1842-6 PMID: 3081903
  41. Genetic control of excision of Saccharomyces cerevisiae interstrand DNA cross-links induced by psoralen plus near-UV light.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Aug;2(8):939-48 PMID: 6752694
  42. Comparison of initiation of protein synthesis in procaryotes, eucaryotes, and organelles.
    Microbiol Rev. 1983 Mar;47(1):1-45 PMID: 6343825
  43. Nucleotide sequence of the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3549-52 PMID: 3912171
  44. Structure and function of the yeast URA3 gene. Differentially regulated expression of hybrid beta-galactosidase from overlapping coding sequences in yeast.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):883-904 PMID: 6315953
  45. Specific transcripts are elevated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to DNA damage.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;4(11):2356-63 PMID: 6440006
  46. Repeated DNA sequences upstream from HIS1 also occur at several other co-regulated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 25;258(8):5238-47 PMID: 6300123
  47. The RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence and transcript mapping.
    Gene. 1985;36(3):225-34 PMID: 3000874
  48. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963-5 PMID: 6575390
  49. Sequences of the E. coli uvrC gene and protein.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 11;12(11):4593-608 PMID: 6330676
  50. Molecular mechanisms of pyrimidine dimer excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: incision of ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo.
    J Bacteriol. 1981 May;146(2):692-704 PMID: 7012136
  51. The nucleotide sequence of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potential adenine nucleotide binding amino acid sequence and a nonessential acidic carboxyl terminal region.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Apr 11;13(7):2357-72 PMID: 2987851
  52. A new method for sequencing DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560-4 PMID: 265521
  53. The primary structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for alcohol dehydrogenase.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3018-25 PMID: 6277922
  54. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA.
    Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211-4 PMID: 822353
  55. Molecular cloning and characterization of the yeast RAD10 gene and expression of RAD10 protein in E. coli.
    EMBO J. 1985 Jun;4(6):1575-82 PMID: 3896774
  56. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349-83 PMID: 6791577
  57. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD1 gene.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):2161-9 PMID: 6095044
Article Info
Journal
Journal of bacteriology
Abbr.
J Bacteriol
ISSN
0021-9193
Published
1986-06-00
Pages
914-23
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
2985120R
PMCID
PMC215213
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · CA-35035 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
M10275, M13389
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]