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PMID: 9841673 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR ·Vol. 62 ·No. 4 ·1998-12-00 ·Pages 1301-14

Faruque SM, Albert MJ, Mekalanos JJ

Abstract

Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. The disease is characterized by a devastating watery diarrhea which leads to rapid dehydration, and death occurs in 50 to 70% of untreated patients. Cholera is a waterborne disease, and the importance of water ecology is suggested by the close association of V. cholerae with surface water and the population interacting with the water. Cholera toxin (CT), which is responsible for the profuse diarrhea, is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage designated CTXPhi. Although the mechanism by which CT causes diarrhea is known, it is not clear why V. cholerae should infect and elaborate the lethal toxin in the host. Molecular epidemiological surveillance has revealed clonal diversity among toxigenic V. cholerae strains and a continual emergence of new epidemic clones. In view of lysogenic conversion by CTXPhi as a possible mechanism of origination of new toxigenic clones of V. cholerae, it appears that the continual emergence of new toxigenic strains and their selective enrichment during cholera outbreaks constitute an essential component of the natural ecosystem for the evolution of epidemic V. cholerae strains and genetic elements that mediate the transfer of virulence genes. The ecosystem comprising V. cholerae, CTXPhi, the aquatic environment, and the mammalian host offers an understanding of the complex relationship between pathogenesis and the natural selection of a pathogen.

MeSH Terms
Cholera/epidemiology,microbiology Cholera Toxin/genetics Disease Outbreaks Ecology Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genes, Bacterial Humans Vibrio cholerae/genetics,pathogenicity,physiology Virulence/genetics
Chemicals
Cholera Toxin
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Faruque S M
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. [email protected]
Albert M J
Mekalanos J J
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
Abbr.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
ISSN
1092-2172
DOI
10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998
Email
[email protected]
Published
1998-12-00
Pages
1301-14
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9706653
PMCID
PMC98947
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998 PMC Full Text View journal details
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