Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 17604854 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

Function and regulation in MAPK signaling pathways: lessons learned from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Biochimica et biophysica acta ·Vol. 1773 ·No. 8 ·2007-08-00 ·Pages 1311-40

Chen RE, Thorner J

Abstract

Signaling pathways that activate different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) elicit many of the responses that are evoked in cells by changes in certain environmental conditions and upon exposure to a variety of hormonal and other stimuli. These pathways were first elucidated in the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). Studies of MAPK pathways in this organism continue to be especially informative in revealing the molecular mechanisms by which MAPK cascades operate, propagate signals, modulate cellular processes, and are controlled by regulatory factors both internal to and external to the pathways. Here we highlight recent advances and new insights about MAPK-based signaling that have been made through studies in yeast, which provide lessons directly applicable to, and that enhance our understanding of, MAPK-mediated signaling in mammalian cells.

MeSH Terms
Cell Cycle Enzyme Activation MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology Models, Biological Protein Biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology,genetics,growth & development,metabolism Transcription, Genetic
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Chen Raymond E
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.
Thorner Jeremy
References (383)
383 references, click to expand
  1. Suppressors of a gpa1 mutation cause sterility in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genetics. 1988 Aug;119(4):797-804 PMID: 3137119
  2. Linking DNA-binding proteins to their recognition sequences by using protein microarrays.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 27;103(26):9940-5 PMID: 16785442
  3. Adaptor protein Ste50p links the Ste11p MEKK to the HOG pathway through plasma membrane association.
    Genes Dev. 2006 Mar 15;20(6):734-46 PMID: 16543225
  4. Function of the MAPK scaffold protein, Ste5, requires a cryptic PH domain.
    Genes Dev. 2006 Jul 15;20(14):1946-58 PMID: 16847350
  5. MAP kinases as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes.
    J Cell Sci. 2004 Aug 1;117(Pt 17):3715-23 PMID: 15286173
  6. Regulation of cell cycle progression by Swe1p and Hog1p following hypertonic stress.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Jan;12(1):53-62 PMID: 11160822
  7. MSG5, a novel protein phosphatase promotes adaptation to pheromone response in S. cerevisiae.
    EMBO J. 1994 Jan 1;13(1):61-70 PMID: 8306972
  8. Wsc1 and Mid2 are cell surface sensors for cell wall integrity signaling that act through Rom2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jan;21(1):271-80 PMID: 11113201
  9. Cdc37p is required for stress-induced high-osmolarity glycerol and protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway functionality by interaction with Hog1p and Slt2p (Mpk1p).
    Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Mar;6(3):521-32 PMID: 17220467
  10. Hsl7 localizes to a septin ring and serves as an adapter in a regulatory pathway that relieves tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc28 protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Oct;19(10):7123-37 PMID: 10490648
  11. Common modifications of trimeric G proteins and ras protein: involvement of polyisoprenylation.
    Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):165-9 PMID: 1695391
  12. Protein phosphatases in MAPK signalling: we keep learning from yeast.
    Mol Microbiol. 2005 Oct;58(1):6-16 PMID: 16164545
  13. MAP kinase and cAMP filamentation signaling pathways converge on the unusually large promoter of the yeast FLO11 gene.
    EMBO J. 1999 Mar 1;18(5):1257-69 PMID: 10064592
  14. Genome-wide location and function of DNA binding proteins.
    Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2306-9 PMID: 11125145
  15. Schizosaccharomyces pombe AGC family kinase Gad8p forms a conserved signaling module with TOR and PDK1-like kinases.
    EMBO J. 2003 Jun 16;22(12):3073-83 PMID: 12805221
  16. A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells.
    Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):808-11 PMID: 7914033
  17. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MADS-box transcription factor Rlm1 is a target for the Mpk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):1848-59 PMID: 9121433
  18. The Ama1-directed anaphase-promoting complex regulates the Smk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase during meiosis in yeast.
    Genetics. 2005 Nov;171(3):901-11 PMID: 16079231
  19. Repressors and upstream repressing sequences of the stress-regulated ENA1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: bZIP protein Sko1p confers HOG-dependent osmotic regulation.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Jan;19(1):537-46 PMID: 9858577
  20. MAPK signaling specificity: it takes two to tango.
    Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;12(6):254-7 PMID: 12074884
  21. Direct inhibition of the yeast cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28-Cln by Far1.
    Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1228-31 PMID: 8066461
  22. The function of chitin synthases 2 and 3 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.
    J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(1):111-23 PMID: 2050738
  23. Gene expression analyzed by high-resolution state array analysis and quantitative proteomics: response of yeast to mating pheromone.
    Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 May;3(5):478-89 PMID: 14766929
  24. Transient inhibition of translation initiation by osmotic stress.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 19;277(16):13848-55 PMID: 11796711
  25. Rewiring MAP kinase pathways using alternative scaffold assembly mechanisms.
    Science. 2003 Feb 14;299(5609):1061-4 PMID: 12511654
  26. RSC1 and RSC2 are required for expression of mid-late sporulation-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2004 Aug;3(4):910-8 PMID: 15302824
  27. The N terminus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sst2p plays an RGS-domain-independent, Mpt5p-dependent role in recovery from pheromone arrest.
    Genetics. 2001 Dec;159(4):1559-71 PMID: 11779797
  28. A protein kinase gene complements the lytic phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lyt2 mutants.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Nov;5(11):2845-54 PMID: 1779770
  29. Alpha1-induced DNA bending is required for transcriptional activation by the Mcm1-alpha1 complex.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(8):2298-305 PMID: 15118075
  30. Cyclic AMP-independent regulation of protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation by Kelch repeat proteins.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Nov;4(11):1794-800 PMID: 16278446
  31. Far1 and Fus3 link the mating pheromone signal transduction pathway to three G1-phase Cdc28 kinase complexes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;13(9):5659-69 PMID: 8395009
  32. Inferring yeast cell cycle regulators and interactions using transcription factor activities.
    BMC Genomics. 2005;6:90 PMID: 15949038
  33. Stt4 PI 4-kinase localizes to the plasma membrane and functions in the Pkc1-mediated MAP kinase cascade.
    Dev Cell. 2002 May;2(5):593-605 PMID: 12015967
  34. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.
    Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):179-85 PMID: 7834738
  35. Regulation of the yeast Rlm1 transcription factor by the Mpk1 cell wall integrity MAP kinase.
    Mol Microbiol. 2002 Nov;46(3):781-9 PMID: 12410835
  36. Regulation of MAPK function by direct interaction with the mating-specific Galpha in yeast.
    Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1483-6 PMID: 12029138
  37. In the yeast heat shock response, Hsf1-directed induction of Hsp90 facilitates the activation of the Slt2 (Mpk1) mitogen-activated protein kinase required for cell integrity.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Apr;6(4):744-52 PMID: 17293484
  38. Two co-existing mechanisms for nuclear import of MAP kinase: passive diffusion of a monomer and active transport of a dimer.
    EMBO J. 1999 Oct 1;18(19):5347-58 PMID: 10508167
  39. Pheromone induction promotes Ste11 degradation through a MAPK feedback and ubiquitin-dependent mechanism.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9160-5 PMID: 12077316
  40. MAP kinase pathways.
    J Cell Sci. 2005 Aug 15;118(Pt 16):3569-72 PMID: 16105880
  41. The yeast G protein alpha subunit Gpa1 transmits a signal through an RNA binding effector protein Scp160.
    Mol Cell. 2003 Aug;12(2):517-24 PMID: 14536090
  42. Mechanisms of MAPK signalling specificity.
    Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Nov;34(Pt 5):837-41 PMID: 17052210
  43. Mutational analysis suggests that activation of the yeast pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway involves conformational changes in the Ste5 scaffold protein.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Nov;11(11):4033-49 PMID: 11071925
  44. Dual lipid modification motifs in G(alpha) and G(gamma) subunits are required for full activity of the pheromone response pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Mar;11(3):957-68 PMID: 10712512
  45. Hog1 mediates cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase by the dual targeting of Sic1.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;6(10):997-1002 PMID: 15448699
  46. Molecular characterization of Ste20p, a potential mitogen-activated protein or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) kinase kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):15984-92 PMID: 7608157
  47. The Hog1 MAPK prevents cross talk between the HOG and pheromone response MAPK pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Sep 15;12(18):2874-86 PMID: 9744864
  48. Cell integrity signaling activation in response to hyperosmotic shock in yeast.
    FEBS Lett. 2005 Nov 7;579(27):6186-90 PMID: 16243316
  49. Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast.
    Genes Dev. 1999 Jan 15;13(2):176-87 PMID: 9925642
  50. Nuclear shuttling of yeast scaffold Ste5 is required for its recruitment to the plasma membrane and activation of the mating MAPK cascade.
    Cell. 1999 Aug 20;98(4):501-12 PMID: 10481914
  51. Rck2, a member of the calmodulin-protein kinase family, links protein synthesis to high osmolarity MAP kinase signaling in budding yeast.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98(10):5625-30 PMID: 11344302
  52. SUMO: regulating the regulator.
    Cell Div. 2006 Jun 29;1:13 PMID: 16805918
  53. Ras2 signals via the Cdc42/Ste20/mitogen-activated protein kinase module to induce filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 May 28;93(11):5352-6 PMID: 8643578
  54. SCF and Cullin/Ring H2-based ubiquitin ligases.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1999;15:435-67 PMID: 10611969
  55. Snf1 protein kinase and the repressors Nrg1 and Nrg2 regulate FLO11, haploid invasive growth, and diploid pseudohyphal differentiation.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;22(12):3994-4000 PMID: 12024013
  56. Identification and characterization of the CLK1 gene product, a novel CaM kinase-like protein kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 22;271(47):29958-68 PMID: 8939941
  57. Rom1p and Rom2p are GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GEPs) for the Rho1p small GTP binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    EMBO J. 1996 May 1;15(9):2196-207 PMID: 8641285
  58. Promoter-dependent roles for the Srb10 cyclin-dependent kinase and the Hda1 deacetylase in Tup1-mediated repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Sep;15(9):4191-202 PMID: 15240822
  59. Tuning bulk electrostatics to regulate protein function.
    Cell. 2007 Feb 9;128(3):441-4 PMID: 17289565
  60. Control of cell cycle progression by the stress-activated Hog1 MAPK.
    Cell Cycle. 2005 Jan;4(1):6-7 PMID: 15613849
  61. Program-specific distribution of a transcription factor dependent on partner transcription factor and MAPK signaling.
    Cell. 2003 May 2;113(3):395-404 PMID: 12732146
  62. Sensing, signalling and integrating physical processes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae invasive and filamentous growth.
    Microbiology. 2002 Apr;148(Pt 4):893-907 PMID: 11932437
  63. The G protein-coupled receptor gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genetics. 2000 Feb;154(2):609-22 PMID: 10655215
  64. The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):2247-56 PMID: 9121475
  65. Combinatorial control required for the specificity of yeast MAPK signaling.
    Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1314-7 PMID: 9036858
  66. The MEP2 ammonium permease regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    EMBO J. 1998 Aug 10;17(5):1236-47 PMID: 9482721
  67. Glucose repression of STA1 expression is mediated by the Nrg1 and Sfl1 repressors and the Srb8-11 complex.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Sep;24(17):7695-706 PMID: 15314176
  68. Yeast go the whole HOG for the hyperosmotic response.
    Trends Genet. 2002 Aug;18(8):405-12 PMID: 12142009
  69. Cdc42 regulation of kinase activity and signaling by the yeast p21-activated kinase Ste20.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 May;22(9):2939-51 PMID: 11940652
  70. Regulation of the oxidative stress response through Slt2p-dependent destruction of cyclin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genetics. 2006 Mar;172(3):1477-86 PMID: 16387872
  71. Bistability, stochasticity, and oscillations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
    Biophys J. 2006 Mar 15;90(6):1961-78 PMID: 16361346
  72. Srb10/Cdk8 regulates yeast filamentous growth by phosphorylating the transcription factor Ste12.
    Nature. 2003 Jan 9;421(6919):187-90 PMID: 12520306
  73. A conserved motif at the amino termini of MEKs might mediate high-affinity interaction with the cognate MAPKs.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Oct;21(10):373-4 PMID: 8918190
  74. YIL113w encodes a functional dual-specificity protein phosphatase which specifically interacts with and inactivates the Slt2/Mpk1p MAP kinase in S. cerevisiae.
    FEBS Lett. 2002 Sep 11;527(1-3):186-92 PMID: 12220658
  75. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc42p localizes to cellular membranes and clusters at sites of polarized growth.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2002 Jun;1(3):458-68 PMID: 12455994
  76. The Ste5p scaffold.
    J Cell Sci. 2001 Nov;114(Pt 22):3967-78 PMID: 11739629
  77. Redundant mechanisms are used by Ssn6-Tup1 in repressing chromosomal gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 17;279(38):39240-50 PMID: 15254041
  78. Specificity of MAP kinase signaling in yeast differentiation involves transient versus sustained MAPK activation.
    Mol Cell. 2001 Sep;8(3):683-91 PMID: 11583629
  79. Two genes required for cell fusion during yeast conjugation: evidence for a pheromone-induced surface protein.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2316-28 PMID: 3302672
  80. A walk-through of the yeast mating pheromone response pathway.
    Peptides. 2005 Feb;26(2):339-50 PMID: 15690603
  81. Cell wall integrity signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005 Jun;69(2):262-91 PMID: 15944456
  82. MAPK specificity in the yeast pheromone response independent of transcriptional activation.
    Curr Biol. 2001 Aug 21;11(16):1266-71 PMID: 11525741
  83. Regulation of mating and filamentation genes by two distinct Ste12 complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;26(13):4794-805 PMID: 16782869
  84. Regulation of polarized growth initiation and termination cycles by the polarisome and Cdc42 regulators.
    J Cell Biol. 2004 Jan 19;164(2):207-18 PMID: 14734532
  85. Signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Jul;6(7):1280-92 PMID: 1628831
  86. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sps1p regulates trafficking of enzymes required for spore wall synthesis.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Mar;4(3):536-44 PMID: 15755916
  87. Osmotic stress-induced gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Msn1p and the novel nuclear factor Hot1p.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Aug;19(8):5474-85 PMID: 10409737
  88. Pheromone-dependent ubiquitination of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase Ste7.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 May 3;277(18):15766-72 PMID: 11864977
  89. STE12, a protein involved in cell-type-specific transcription and signal transduction in yeast, is part of protein-DNA complexes.
    Genes Dev. 1989 Sep;3(9):1349-61 PMID: 2558054
  90. Interaction of yeast Rvs167 and Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase complexes may link the cell cycle to the actin cytoskeleton.
    Curr Biol. 1998 Dec 3;8(24):1310-21 PMID: 9843683
  91. The role of Far1p in linking the heterotrimeric G protein to polarity establishment proteins during yeast mating.
    Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1511-6 PMID: 9822386
  92. Association of the yeast pheromone response G protein beta gamma subunits with the MAP kinase scaffold Ste5p.
    Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1572-5 PMID: 7667635
  93. Yeast protein kinases and the RHO1 exchange factor TUS1 are novel components of the cell integrity pathway in yeast.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Mar;22(5):1329-39 PMID: 11839800
  94. Tup1-Ssn6 interacts with multiple class I histone deacetylases in vivo.
    J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):50158-62 PMID: 14525981
  95. The MAP kinase Fus3 associates with and phosphorylates the upstream signaling component Ste5.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Feb 1;8(3):313-27 PMID: 8314085
  96. Phosphorylation and localization of Kss1, a MAP kinase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone response pathway.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1995 Jul;6(7):889-909 PMID: 7579701
  97. Receptor internalization in yeast requires the Tor2-Rho1 signaling pathway.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Nov;14(11):4676-84 PMID: 14593073
  98. The sensing of nutritional status and the relationship to filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    FEMS Yeast Res. 2002 Dec;2(4):433-70 PMID: 12702263
  99. The F-box protein family.
    Genome Biol. 2000;1(5):REVIEWS3002 PMID: 11178263
  100. Fus3-regulated Tec1 degradation through SCFCdc4 determines MAPK signaling specificity during mating in yeast.
    Cell. 2004 Dec 29;119(7):981-90 PMID: 15620356
  101. Interaction of a G-protein beta-subunit with a conserved sequence in Ste20/PAK family protein kinases.
    Nature. 1998 Jan 8;391(6663):191-5 PMID: 9428767
  102. Gbetagamma recruits Rho1 to the site of polarized growth during mating in budding yeast.
    J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 13;278(24):21798-804 PMID: 12660244
  103. Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies.
    Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):486-9 PMID: 16141371
  104. Initiation of yeast sporulation of partial carbon, nitrogen, or phosphate deprivation.
    J Bacteriol. 1982 Mar;149(3):840-51 PMID: 7037742
  105. A third osmosensing branch in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the Msb2 protein and functions in parallel with the Sho1 branch.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jul;22(13):4739-49 PMID: 12052881
  106. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mpt5p interacts with Sst2p and plays roles in pheromone sensitivity and recovery from pheromone arrest.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3429-39 PMID: 9154842
  107. The yeast PH domain proteins Slm1 and Slm2 are targets of sphingolipid signaling during the response to heat stress.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;27(2):633-50 PMID: 17101780
  108. The Galpha protein Gpa2 controls yeast differentiation by interacting with kelch repeat proteins that mimic Gbeta subunits.
    Mol Cell. 2002 Jul;10(1):163-73 PMID: 12150916
  109. Signal transduction cascades regulating fungal development and virulence.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Dec;64(4):746-85 PMID: 11104818
  110. Unique and redundant roles for HOG MAPK pathway components as revealed by whole-genome expression analysis.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Feb;15(2):532-42 PMID: 14595107
  111. Mammalian Cdk5 is a functional homologue of the budding yeast Pho85 cyclin-dependent protein kinase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 7;96(25):14445-50 PMID: 10588725
  112. NDT80 and the meiotic recombination checkpoint regulate expression of middle sporulation-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):5750-61 PMID: 9742092
  113. The undertranslated transcriptome reveals widespread translational silencing by alternative 5' transcript leaders.
    Genome Biol. 2005;6(13):R111 PMID: 16420678
  114. Functional characterization of the interaction of Ste50p with Ste11p MAPKKK in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Jul;10(7):2425-40 PMID: 10397774
  115. MAT alpha 1 can mediate gene activation by a-mating factor.
    Genes Dev. 1991 Oct;5(10):1924-34 PMID: 1916267
  116. Nuclear export and plasma membrane recruitment of the Ste5 scaffold are coordinated with oligomerization and association with signal transduction components.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Jun;14(6):2543-58 PMID: 12808050
  117. Ammonium permease-based sensing mechanism for rapid ammonium activation of the protein kinase A pathway in yeast.
    Mol Microbiol. 2006 Mar;59(5):1485-505 PMID: 16468990
  118. Differential input by Ste5 scaffold and Msg5 phosphatase route a MAPK cascade to multiple outcomes.
    EMBO J. 2004 Jul 7;23(13):2564-76 PMID: 15192700
  119. The PH domain of the yeast GEF Rom2p serves an essential function in vivo.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2001 Nov;266(3):505-13 PMID: 11713680
  120. Yeast HOG1 MAP kinase cascade is regulated by a multistep phosphorelay mechanism in the SLN1-YPD1-SSK1 "two-component" osmosensor.
    Cell. 1996 Sep 20;86(6):865-75 PMID: 8808622
  121. Regulation of Ste7 ubiquitination by Ste11 phosphorylation and the Skp1-Cullin-F-box complex.
    J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22284-9 PMID: 12668671
  122. Identification of the major Mr 100,000 substrate for calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III in mammalian cells as elongation factor-2.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17299-303 PMID: 3693353
  123. Control of MAPK signaling specificity by a conserved residue in the MEK-binding domain of the yeast scaffold protein Ste5.
    Curr Genet. 2006 Jun;49(6):351-63 PMID: 16463042
  124. Characterization of alcohol-induced filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Jan;11(1):183-99 PMID: 10637301
  125. Phosphorylation of the MAPKKK regulator Ste50p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a casein kinase I phosphorylation site is required for proper mating function.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Oct;2(5):949-61 PMID: 14555477
  126. Regulation of the osmoregulatory HOG MAPK cascade in yeast.
    J Biochem. 2004 Sep;136(3):267-72 PMID: 15598881
  127. Signaling and circuitry of multiple MAPK pathways revealed by a matrix of global gene expression profiles.
    Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):873-80 PMID: 10657304
  128. The extended protein kinase C superfamily.
    Biochem J. 1998 Jun 1;332 ( Pt 2):281-92 PMID: 9601053
  129. Sequence elements that contribute to the degradation of yeast G alpha.
    Genes Cells. 1998 May;3(5):307-19 PMID: 9685182
  130. Phosphorylation of the MEKK Ste11p by the PAK-like kinase Ste20p is required for MAP kinase signaling in vivo.
    Curr Biol. 2000 Jun 1;10(11):630-9 PMID: 10837245
  131. Kelch-repeat proteins interacting with the Galpha protein Gpa2 bypass adenylate cyclase for direct regulation of protein kinase A in yeast.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 29;103(35):13034-9 PMID: 16924114
  132. SCF ubiquitin protein ligases and phosphorylation-dependent proteolysis.
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1999 Sep 29;354(1389):1533-50 PMID: 10582239
  133. Spa2p interacts with cell polarity proteins and signaling components involved in yeast cell morphogenesis.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):4053-69 PMID: 9632790
  134. The morphogenesis checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cell cycle control of Swe1p degradation by Hsl1p and Hsl7p.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Oct;19(10):6929-39 PMID: 10490630
  135. Control of pseudohyphae formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan;25(1):107-23 PMID: 11152942
  136. MAP kinase pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Dec;62(4):1264-300 PMID: 9841672
  137. Fus3p and Kss1p control G1 arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a balance of distinct arrest and proliferative functions that operate in parallel with Far1p.
    Genetics. 1999 Mar;151(3):989-1004 PMID: 10049917
  138. FAR1 links the signal transduction pathway to the cell cycle machinery in yeast.
    Cell. 1993 May 21;73(4):747-60 PMID: 8500168
  139. Osmostress-induced transcription by Hot1 depends on a Hog1-mediated recruitment of the RNA Pol II.
    EMBO J. 2003 May 15;22(10):2433-42 PMID: 12743037
  140. Live Cell Imaging of ERK and MEK: simple binding equilibrium explains the regulated nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ERK.
    J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 4;280(5):3832-7 PMID: 15546878
  141. Sense and sensibility: nutritional response and signal integration in yeast.
    Curr Opin Microbiol. 2004 Dec;7(6):624-30 PMID: 15556035
  142. Differential regulation of G protein alpha subunit trafficking by mono- and polyubiquitination.
    J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 7;280(1):284-91 PMID: 15519996
  143. MAPK signaling: Sho business.
    Curr Biol. 2004 Sep 7;14(17):R708-10 PMID: 15341761
  144. MAP kinase dynamics in response to pheromones in budding yeast.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;3(12):1051-9 PMID: 11781566
  145. The yeast STE12 product is required for expression of two sets of cell-type specific genes.
    Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):923-30 PMID: 3931921
  146. Are yeast chitin synthases regulated at the transcriptional or the posttranslational level?
    Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Dec;14(12):7685-94 PMID: 7969112
  147. Jekyll and Hyde in the microbial world.
    Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1509-11 PMID: 15567850
  148. Differential regulation of Tec1 by Fus3 and Kss1 confers signaling specificity in yeast development.
    Curr Genet. 2004 Dec;46(6):331-42 PMID: 15558284
  149. Dual lipid modification of the yeast ggamma subunit Ste18p determines membrane localization of Gbetagamma.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov;19(11):7705-11 PMID: 10523659
  150. Regulation of the yeast amphiphysin homologue Rvs167p by phosphorylation.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Jul;14(7):3027-40 PMID: 12857883
  151. Dynamics and organization of MAP kinase signal pathways.
    Mol Reprod Dev. 1995 Dec;42(4):477-85 PMID: 8607979
  152. Rvs161p interacts with Fus2p to promote cell fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 May 4;141(3):567-84 PMID: 9566960
  153. Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation.
    Cell. 1998 May 15;93(4):605-15 PMID: 9604935
  154. The yeast SCG1 gene: a G alpha-like protein implicated in the a- and alpha-factor response pathway.
    Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1001-10 PMID: 3113738
  155. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling specificity in response to hyperosmotic stress: use of an analog-sensitive HOG1 allele.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Aug;5(8):1215-28 PMID: 16896207
  156. Pkh1 and Pkh2 differentially phosphorylate and activate Ypk1 and Ykr2 and define protein kinase modules required for maintenance of cell wall integrity.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Sep;13(9):3005-28 PMID: 12221112
  157. Regulated cell-to-cell variation in a cell-fate decision system.
    Nature. 2005 Sep 29;437(7059):699-706 PMID: 16170311
  158. Protein kinase A operates a molecular switch that governs yeast pseudohyphal differentiation.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;22(12):3981-93 PMID: 12024012
  159. Transcriptional regulation of the SMK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase gene during meiotic development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):5970-80 PMID: 9742114
  160. Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinases in the MAP kinase cascade required for mating in S. cerevisiae.
    Cell. 1994 Aug 12;78(3):499-512 PMID: 8062390
  161. Signal transduction. Signaling specificity in yeast.
    Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):687-8 PMID: 15692041
  162. Characteristics of Flo11-dependent flocculation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Dec;5(12):1151-6 PMID: 16043420
  163. Mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulation of Ca(2+) signaling is required for survival of endoplasmic reticulum stress in yeast.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Oct;14(10):4296-305 PMID: 14517337
  164. Two novel targets of the MAP kinase Kss1 are negative regulators of invasive growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1996 Nov 15;10(22):2831-48 PMID: 8918885
  165. Osmotic stress signaling and osmoadaptation in yeasts.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Jun;66(2):300-72 PMID: 12040128
  166. Multisite phosphorylation of a CDK inhibitor sets a threshold for the onset of DNA replication.
    Nature. 2001 Nov 29;414(6863):514-21 PMID: 11734846
  167. Scaffold proteins in MAP kinase signaling: more than simple passive activating platforms.
    Bioessays. 2006 Feb;28(2):146-56 PMID: 16435292
  168. Two regulators of Ste12p inhibit pheromone-responsive transcription by separate mechanisms.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jun;20(12):4199-209 PMID: 10825185
  169. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste50 binds the MAPKKK Ste11 through a head-to-tail SAM domain interaction.
    J Mol Biol. 2006 Feb 10;356(1):142-54 PMID: 16337230
  170. Interaction with the SH3 domain protein Bem1 regulates signaling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae p21-activated kinase Ste20.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;25(6):2177-90 PMID: 15743816
  171. Hog1 kinase converts the Sko1-Cyc8-Tup1 repressor complex into an activator that recruits SAGA and SWI/SNF in response to osmotic stress.
    Mol Cell. 2002 Jun;9(6):1307-17 PMID: 12086627
  172. GPR1 encodes a putative G protein-coupled receptor that associates with the Gpa2p Galpha subunit and functions in a Ras-independent pathway.
    EMBO J. 1998 Apr 1;17(7):1996-2007 PMID: 9524122
  173. A filamentous growth response mediated by the yeast mating pathway.
    Genetics. 2001 Nov;159(3):919-28 PMID: 11729141
  174. Dual role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEA/ATTS family transcription factor Tec1p in regulation of gene expression and cellular development.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2002 Oct;1(5):673-86 PMID: 12455687
  175. Flocculation, adhesion and biofilm formation in yeasts.
    Mol Microbiol. 2006 Apr;60(1):5-15 PMID: 16556216
  176. The two forms of karyogamy transcription factor Kar4p are regulated by differential initiation of transcription, translation, and protein turnover.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Jan;19(1):817-25 PMID: 9858604
  177. The phosphoinositide phosphatase Sjl2 is recruited to cortical actin patches in the control of vesicle formation and fission during endocytosis.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;25(8):2910-23 PMID: 15798181
  178. Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae unresponsive to cell division control by polypeptide mating hormone.
    J Cell Biol. 1980 Jun;85(3):811-22 PMID: 6993497
  179. GPR1 regulates filamentous growth through FLO11 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jan 7;267(1):164-8 PMID: 10623592
  180. A signaling mucin at the head of the Cdc42- and MAPK-dependent filamentous growth pathway in yeast.
    Genes Dev. 2004 Jul 15;18(14):1695-708 PMID: 15256499
  181. Reciprocal regulation between Slt2 MAPK and isoforms of Msg5 dual-specificity protein phosphatase modulates the yeast cell integrity pathway.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 19;279(12):11027-34 PMID: 14703512
  182. The nucleotide exchange factor Cdc24p may be regulated by auto-inhibition.
    EMBO J. 2004 Mar 10;23(5):1051-62 PMID: 14988726
  183. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Hog1p regulates translation of the AU-rich-element-bearing MFA2 transcript.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Nov;25(22):9753-63 PMID: 16260593
  184. The pleckstrin homology domain proteins Slm1 and Slm2 are required for actin cytoskeleton organization in yeast and bind phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and TORC2.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Apr;16(4):1883-900 PMID: 15689497
  185. Stress-specific activation mechanisms for the "cell integrity" MAPK pathway.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 23;279(4):2616-22 PMID: 14610085
  186. Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;6(11):1122-8 PMID: 15467718
  187. Activation of yeast protein kinase C by Rho1 GTPase.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9193-6 PMID: 8621575
  188. Differential roles of PDK1- and PDK2-phosphorylation sites in the yeast AGC kinases Ypk1, Pkc1 and Sch9.
    Microbiology. 2004 Oct;150(Pt 10):3289-304 PMID: 15470109
  189. Snf1 kinases with different beta-subunit isoforms play distinct roles in regulating haploid invasive growth.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Feb;23(4):1341-8 PMID: 12556493
  190. FUS3 phosphorylates multiple components of the mating signal transduction cascade: evidence for STE12 and FAR1.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1993 May;4(5):495-510 PMID: 8334305
  191. A membrane binding domain in the ste5 scaffold synergizes with gbetagamma binding to control localization and signaling in pheromone response.
    Mol Cell. 2005 Oct 7;20(1):21-32 PMID: 16209942
  192. Regulation of stress response signaling by the N-terminal dishevelled/EGL-10/pleckstrin domain of Sst2, a regulator of G protein signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 21;277(25):22156-67 PMID: 11940600
  193. The transcriptional response of yeast to saline stress.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 9;275(23):17249-55 PMID: 10748181
  194. The MF alpha 1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic mapping and mutational analysis of promoter elements.
    Genetics. 1989 Feb;121(2):223-36 PMID: 2659433
  195. Phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity directed by a yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase network.
    Genetics. 2003 Nov;165(3):997-1015 PMID: 14668360
  196. Proteins kinases: chromatin-associated enzymes?
    Cell. 2006 Dec 1;127(5):887-90 PMID: 17129776
  197. Mutations in the YRB1 gene encoding yeast ran-binding-protein-1 that impair nucleocytoplasmic transport and suppress yeast mating defects.
    Genetics. 2001 Mar;157(3):1089-105 PMID: 11238397
  198. Pheromone-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest requires Far1 phosphorylation, but may not involve inhibition of Cdc28-Cln2 kinase, in vivo.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):3681-91 PMID: 9632750
  199. Except in every detail: comparing and contrasting G-protein signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Mar;4(3):495-503 PMID: 15755912
  200. The stress-activated Hog1 kinase is a selective transcriptional elongation factor for genes responding to osmotic stress.
    Mol Cell. 2006 Jul 21;23(2):241-50 PMID: 16857590
  201. Regulated ARE-mediated mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell. 2001 Jun;7(6):1191-200 PMID: 11430822
  202. Nbp2 targets the Ptc1-type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase to the HOG MAPK pathway.
    EMBO J. 2004 Jan 28;23(2):302-11 PMID: 14685261
  203. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE).
    EMBO J. 1996 May 1;15(9):2227-35 PMID: 8641288
  204. CAK1 promotes meiosis and spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a CDC28-independent fashion.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jan;22(1):57-68 PMID: 11739722
  205. Optimization of specificity in a cellular protein interaction network by negative selection.
    Nature. 2003 Dec 11;426(6967):676-80 PMID: 14668868
  206. Regulation of G protein-initiated signal transduction in yeast: paradigms and principles.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2001;70:703-54 PMID: 11395421
  207. Evidence that fungal MEP proteins mediate diffusion of the uncharged species NH(3) across the cytoplasmic membrane.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Sep;21(17):5733-41 PMID: 11486013
  208. Polarized localization of yeast Pbs2 depends on osmostress, the membrane protein Sho1 and Cdc42.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Sep;2(9):620-7 PMID: 10980703
  209. Scp160p, a multiple KH-domain protein, is a component of mRNP complexes in yeast.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Apr 1;28(7):1576-84 PMID: 10710424
  210. Activation of the yeast Arp2/3 complex by Bee1p, a WASP-family protein.
    Curr Biol. 1999 May 6;9(9):501-4 PMID: 10322115
  211. Molecular recognitions in the MAP kinase cascades.
    Cell Signal. 2003 May;15(5):455-62 PMID: 12639708
  212. Identification of translational regulation target genes during filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: regulatory role of Caf20 and Dhh1.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Dec;5(12):2120-7 PMID: 17041186
  213. Regulation of translation initiation by the yeast eIF4E binding proteins is required for the pseudohyphal response.
    Yeast. 2006 Oct-Nov;23(14-15):1075-88 PMID: 17083129
  214. Functional binding between Gbeta and the LIM domain of Ste5 is required to activate the MEKK Ste11.
    Curr Biol. 1998 Feb 26;8(5):267-78 PMID: 9501067
  215. Calcineurin signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: how yeast go crazy in response to stress.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Nov 28;311(4):1143-50 PMID: 14623300
  216. Pheromone-regulated sumoylation of transcription factors that mediate the invasive to mating developmental switch in yeast.
    J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 27;281(4):1964-9 PMID: 16306045
  217. A role for the Pkc1p/Mpk1p kinase cascade in the morphogenesis checkpoint.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2001 Apr;3(4):417-20 PMID: 11283616
  218. Role of Ptc2 type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase in yeast high-osmolarity glycerol pathway inactivation.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2002 Dec;1(6):1032-40 PMID: 12477803
  219. Ste5 RING-H2 domain: role in Ste4-promoted oligomerization for yeast pheromone signaling.
    Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):103-6 PMID: 9311911
  220. An actin nucleation mechanism mediated by Bni1 and profilin.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;4(8):626-31 PMID: 12134165
  221. Yeast Cdc42 GTPase and Ste20 PAK-like kinase regulate Sho1-dependent activation of the Hog1 MAPK pathway.
    EMBO J. 2000 Sep 1;19(17):4623-31 PMID: 10970855
  222. The regulation of Clb5 kinase activity by mating factor.
    Mol Cells. 2000 Aug 31;10(4):460-4 PMID: 10987145
  223. ERK2 enters the nucleus by a carrier-independent mechanism.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7496-501 PMID: 12032311
  224. Pheromone-dependent phosphorylation of the yeast STE12 protein correlates with transcriptional activation.
    Genes Dev. 1991 May;5(5):741-50 PMID: 2026326
  225. Mitogen-activated protein kinase: conservation of a three-kinase module from yeast to human.
    Physiol Rev. 1999 Jan;79(1):143-80 PMID: 9922370
  226. Role of scaffolds in MAP kinase pathway specificity revealed by custom design of pathway-dedicated signaling proteins.
    Curr Biol. 2001 Nov 27;11(23):1815-24 PMID: 11728304
  227. Slm1 and slm2 are novel substrates of the calcineurin phosphatase required for heat stress-induced endocytosis of the yeast uracil permease.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jun;26(12):4729-45 PMID: 16738335
  228. Repression of yeast Ste12 transcription factor by direct binding of unphosphorylated Kss1 MAPK and its regulation by the Ste7 MEK.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Sep 15;12(18):2887-98 PMID: 9744865
  229. Transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the plasma membrane-perturbing compound chitosan.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Apr;4(4):703-15 PMID: 15821130
  230. Analyses of the effects of Rck2p mutants on Pbs2pDD-induced toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identify a MAP kinase docking motif, and unexpected functional inactivation due to acidic substitution of T379.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2004 Mar;271(2):208-19 PMID: 14735355
  231. Role of transcription factor Kar4 in regulating downstream events in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone response pathway.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;27(3):818-29 PMID: 17101777
  232. Two protein tyrosine phosphatases, Ptp2 and Ptp3, modulate the subcellular localization of the Hog1 MAP kinase in yeast.
    Genes Dev. 2000 May 15;14(10):1229-35 PMID: 10817757
  233. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sko1p transcription factor mediates HOG pathway-dependent osmotic regulation of a set of genes encoding enzymes implicated in protection from oxidative damage.
    Mol Microbiol. 2001 Jun;40(5):1067-83 PMID: 11401713
  234. Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Slt2 kinase pathway by the stress-inducible Sdp1 dual specificity phosphatase.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 14;277(24):21278-84 PMID: 11923319
  235. The AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinase subfamily: metabolic sensors of the eukaryotic cell?
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:821-55 PMID: 9759505
  236. KlROM2 encodes an essential GEF homologue in Kluyveromyces lactis.
    Yeast. 2003 May;20(7):611-24 PMID: 12734799
  237. The Ste5 scaffold allosterically modulates signaling output of the yeast mating pathway.
    Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):822-6 PMID: 16424299
  238. The MAPK Hog1p modulates Fps1p-dependent arsenite uptake and tolerance in yeast.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Oct;17(10):4400-10 PMID: 16885417
  239. Characterization of a serum response factor-like protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rlm1, which has transcriptional activity regulated by the Mpk1 (Slt2) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 May;17(5):2615-23 PMID: 9111331
  240. Nitrogen availability and TOR regulate the Snf1 protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Nov;5(11):1831-7 PMID: 16980405
  241. Activation of an MAP kinase cascade leads to Sir3p hyperphosphorylation and strengthens transcriptional silencing.
    J Cell Biol. 1996 Nov;135(3):571-83 PMID: 8909534
  242. Transcriptional activation upon pheromone stimulation mediated by a small domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12p.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):6410-8 PMID: 9343403
  243. The yeast repeated element sigma contains a hormone-inducible promoter.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):749-59 PMID: 3547081
  244. Pheromone-induced polarization is dependent on the Fus3p MAPK acting through the formin Bni1p.
    J Cell Biol. 2004 Apr12;165(1):99-109 PMID: 15067022
  245. Genome-wide lethality screen identifies new PI4,5P2 effectors that regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
    EMBO J. 2004 Oct 1;23(19):3747-57 PMID: 15372071
  246. Sti1 and Cdc37 can stabilize Hsp90 in chaperone complexes with a protein kinase.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Apr;15(4):1785-92 PMID: 14742721
  247. The transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic shock. Hot1p and Msn2p/Msn4p are required for the induction of subsets of high osmolarity glycerol pathway-dependent genes.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8290-300 PMID: 10722658
  248. Mitogen-activated protein kinases with distinct requirements for Ste5 scaffolding influence signaling specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;25(5):1793-803 PMID: 15713635
  249. Membrane recruitment of the kinase cascade scaffold protein Ste5 by the Gbetagamma complex underlies activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Sep 1;12(17):2684-97 PMID: 9732267
  250. Signal transduction by a nondissociable heterotrimeric yeast G protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3219-23 PMID: 10725354
  251. 'Fusel' alcohols induce hyphal-like extensions and pseudohyphal formation in yeasts.
    Microbiology. 1996 Jun;142 ( Pt 6):1391-7 PMID: 8704979
  252. Cdc24 regulates nuclear shuttling and recruitment of the Ste5 scaffold to a heterotrimeric G protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 1;280(13):13084-96 PMID: 15657049
  253. Domains, motifs, and scaffolds: the role of modular interactions in the evolution and wiring of cell signaling circuits.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2006;75:655-80 PMID: 16756506
  254. Galpha subunit Gpa2 recruits kelch repeat subunits that inhibit receptor-G protein coupling during cAMP-induced dimorphic transitions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Oct;16(10):4557-71 PMID: 16030250
  255. Ptc1, a type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase, inactivates the HOG pathway by dephosphorylating the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jan;21(1):51-60 PMID: 11113180
  256. Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOG1 mitogen-activated protein kinase by the PTP2 and PTP3 protein tyrosine phosphatases.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Mar;17(3):1289-97 PMID: 9032256
  257. Control of MAP kinase signaling to the nucleus.
    Chromosoma. 2005 Jul;114(2):86-91 PMID: 15902482
  258. Rck2 kinase is a substrate for the osmotic stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jun;20(11):3887-95 PMID: 10805732
  259. Pheromone-induced degradation of Ste12 contributes to signal attenuation and the specificity of developmental fate.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Dec;5(12):2147-60 PMID: 17041188
  260. Activation of the yeast SSK2 MAP kinase kinase kinase by the SSK1 two-component response regulator.
    EMBO J. 1998 Mar 2;17(5):1385-94 PMID: 9482735
  261. The RA domain of Ste50 adaptor protein is required for delivery of Ste11 to the plasma membrane in the filamentous growth signaling pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Feb;26(3):912-28 PMID: 16428446
  262. Yeast has homologs (CNA1 and CNA2 gene products) of mammalian calcineurin, a calmodulin-regulated phosphoprotein phosphatase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7376-80 PMID: 1651503
  263. Mutations in the SAM domain of STE50 differentially influence the MAPK-mediated pathways for mating, filamentous growth and osmotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2001 Mar;265(1):102-17 PMID: 11370856
  264. The MAPK Hog1 recruits Rpd3 histone deacetylase to activate osmoresponsive genes.
    Nature. 2004 Jan 22;427(6972):370-4 PMID: 14737171
  265. Distinct steps in yeast spore morphogenesis require distinct SMK1 MAP kinase thresholds.
    Genetics. 1999 Apr;151(4):1327-40 PMID: 10101160
  266. Phosphorylation of Hsl1 by Hog1 leads to a G2 arrest essential for cell survival at high osmolarity.
    EMBO J. 2006 Jun 7;25(11):2338-46 PMID: 16688223
  267. Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1.
    Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):859-64 PMID: 14574415
  268. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression regulated by the yeast cell wall integrity signalling pathway.
    Mol Microbiol. 1999 Dec;34(5):1049-57 PMID: 10594829
  269. Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Mar;12(3):915-27 PMID: 1545823
  270. Mutational analysis of STE5 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: application of a differential interaction trap assay for examining protein-protein interactions.
    Genetics. 1997 Oct;147(2):479-92 PMID: 9335587
  271. The global transcriptional response to transient cell wall damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its regulation by the cell integrity signaling pathway.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 9;279(15):15183-95 PMID: 14739279
  272. Persistent activation by constitutive Ste7 promotes Kss1-mediated invasive growth but fails to support Fus3-dependent mating in yeast.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(20):9221-38 PMID: 15456892
  273. Regulation of the Sko1 transcriptional repressor by the Hog1 MAP kinase in response to osmotic stress.
    EMBO J. 2001 Mar 1;20(5):1123-33 PMID: 11230135
  274. A two-hybrid screen of the yeast proteome for Hsp90 interactors uncovers a novel Hsp90 chaperone requirement in the activity of a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase, Slt2p (Mpk1p).
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 May;4(5):849-60 PMID: 15879519
  275. Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control.
    Mol Cell. 2002 Sep;10(3):457-68 PMID: 12408816
  276. Structure of the quaternary complex of interleukin-2 with its alpha, beta, and gammac receptors.
    Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1159-63 PMID: 16293754
  277. Scp160p, an RNA-binding, polysome-associated protein, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a microtubule-dependent manner.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):15905-12 PMID: 11278502
  278. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Vps34 by a G protein alpha subunit at the endosome.
    Cell. 2006 Jul 14;126(1):191-203 PMID: 16839886
  279. Differential regulation of the cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in budding yeast by the protein tyrosine phosphatases Ptp2 and Ptp3.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov;19(11):7651-60 PMID: 10523653
  280. PEA-15 mediates cytoplasmic sequestration of ERK MAP kinase.
    Dev Cell. 2001 Aug;1(2):239-50 PMID: 11702783
  281. Targeting the MEF2-like transcription factor Smp1 by the stress-activated Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jan;23(1):229-37 PMID: 12482976
  282. In yeast, RAS proteins are controlling elements of adenylate cyclase.
    Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):27-36 PMID: 2981630
  283. Properties of the DNA-binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 protein.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Dec;11(12):5910-8 PMID: 1944269
  284. Role of the transcription activator Ste12p as a repressor of PRY3 expression.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Nov;26(21):7901-12 PMID: 16940175
  285. Ascospore formation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005 Dec;69(4):565-84 PMID: 16339736
  286. The Golgi-resident protease Kex2 acts in conjunction with Prm1 to facilitate cell fusion during yeast mating.
    J Cell Biol. 2007 Jan 15;176(2):209-22 PMID: 17210951
  287. The role of docking interactions in mediating signaling input, output, and discrimination in the yeast MAPK network.
    Mol Cell. 2005 Dec 22;20(6):951-62 PMID: 16364919
  288. Identification of a DNA segment that is necessary and sufficient for alpha-specific gene control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications for regulation of alpha-specific and a-specific genes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;8(1):309-20 PMID: 3275872
  289. Genome-scale analysis reveals Sst2 as the principal regulator of mating pheromone signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Feb;5(2):330-46 PMID: 16467474
  290. A Cdc24p-Far1p-Gbetagamma protein complex required for yeast orientation during mating.
    J Cell Biol. 1999 Mar 22;144(6):1187-202 PMID: 10087263
  291. Insight into molecular interactions between two PB1 domains.
    J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 5;336(5):1195-210 PMID: 15037079
  292. Pheromone-dependent destruction of the Tec1 transcription factor is required for MAP kinase signaling specificity in yeast.
    Cell. 2004 Dec 29;119(7):991-1000 PMID: 15620357
  293. Sir3p phosphorylation by the Slt2p pathway effects redistribution of silencing function and shortened lifespan.
    Nat Genet. 2003 Apr;33(4):522-6 PMID: 12640455
  294. Two protein-tyrosine phosphatases inactivate the osmotic stress response pathway in yeast by targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Hog1.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 11;272(28):17749-55 PMID: 9211927
  295. Cell biology. BAR domains go on a bender.
    Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):479-80 PMID: 14739445
  296. FUS3 represses CLN1 and CLN2 and in concert with KSS1 promotes signal transduction.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9392-6 PMID: 1946350
  297. Temperature-induced expression of yeast FKS2 is under the dual control of protein kinase C and calcineurin.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Feb;18(2):1013-22 PMID: 9447998
  298. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeTSC11/AVO3 participates in regulating cell integrity and functionally interacts with components of the Tor2 complex.
    Curr Genet. 2005 May;47(5):273-88 PMID: 15809876
  299. Activation of yeast PBS2 MAPKK by MAPKKKs or by binding of an SH3-containing osmosensor.
    Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):554-8 PMID: 7624781
  300. The SRF and MCM1 transcription factors.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1992 Apr;2(2):221-6 PMID: 1638115
  301. Global analysis of Pub1p targets reveals a coordinate control of gene expression through modulation of binding and stability.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jul;25(13):5499-513 PMID: 15964806
  302. Mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of the Wsc1 cell wall stress sensor.
    Microbiology. 2004 Oct;150(Pt 10):3281-8 PMID: 15470108
  303. Transcriptional coregulation by the cell integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase Slt2 and the cell cycle regulator Swi4.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;21(19):6515-28 PMID: 11533240
  304. DEP-domain-mediated regulation of GPCR signaling responses.
    Cell. 2006 Sep 22;126(6):1079-93 PMID: 16990133
  305. Polo-like kinase Cdc5 controls the local activation of Rho1 to promote cytokinesis.
    Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):108-11 PMID: 16763112
  306. MAP kinase-mediated stress relief that precedes and regulates the timing of transcriptional induction.
    Cell. 2004 Aug 6;118(3):351-61 PMID: 15294160
  307. Activated signal transduction kinases frequently occupy target genes.
    Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):533-6 PMID: 16873666
  308. Differential regulation of transcription: repression by unactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase Kss1 requires the Dig1 and Dig2 proteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 22;95(26):15400-5 PMID: 9860980
  309. Sho1 and Pbs2 act as coscaffolds linking components in the yeast high osmolarity MAP kinase pathway.
    Mol Cell. 2004 Jun 18;14(6):825-32 PMID: 15200959
  310. Dimerization of Ste5, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade scaffold protein, is required for signal transduction.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13864-9 PMID: 8943027
  311. The cell surface flocculin Flo11 is required for pseudohyphae formation and invasion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Jan;9(1):161-71 PMID: 9436998
  312. Regulatory subunit (CNB1 gene product) of yeast Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatases is required for adaptation to pheromone.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Aug;12(8):3460-9 PMID: 1321337
  313. Cell wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2006 Jun;70(2):317-43 PMID: 16760306
  314. Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEC1 is required for pseudohyphal growth.
    Mol Microbiol. 1996 Mar;19(6):1255-63 PMID: 8730867
  315. The kelch proteins Gpb1 and Gpb2 inhibit Ras activity via association with the yeast RasGAP neurofibromin homologs Ira1 and Ira2.
    Mol Cell. 2006 Jun 23;22(6):819-30 PMID: 16793550
  316. FUS1 regulates the opening and expansion of fusion pores between mating yeast.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2006 May;17(5):2439-50 PMID: 16495338
  317. Principles of MAP kinase signaling specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Annu Rev Genet. 2004;38:725-48 PMID: 15568991
  318. Regulation of MAP kinases by docking domains.
    Biol Cell. 2001 Sep;93(1-2):5-14 PMID: 11730322
  319. Regulatory mechanisms for modulation of signaling through the cell integrity Slt2-mediated pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2):1511-9 PMID: 10625705
  320. A mechanism for cell-cycle regulation of MAP kinase signaling in a yeast differentiation pathway.
    Cell. 2007 Feb 9;128(3):519-31 PMID: 17289571
  321. MAP kinase dynamics in yeast.
    Biol Cell. 2001 Sep;93(1-2):63-70 PMID: 11730324
  322. Glucose and sucrose act as agonist and mannose as antagonist ligands of the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell. 2004 Oct 22;16(2):293-9 PMID: 15494315
  323. The Smk1p MAP kinase negatively regulates Gsc2p, a 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, during spore wall morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 30;102(35):12431-6 PMID: 16116083
  324. Evidence for existence of a nuclear pore complex-mediated, cytosol-independent pathway of nuclear translocation of ERK MAP kinase in permeabilized cells.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 9;276(45):41755-60 PMID: 11546808
  325. Regulation of cell polarity by interactions of Msb3 and Msb4 with Cdc42 and polarisome components.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;25(19):8567-80 PMID: 16166638
  326. Alteration of a yeast SH3 protein leads to conditional viability with defects in cytoskeletal and budding patterns.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;13(8):5070-84 PMID: 8336735
  327. PKC at a glance.
    J Cell Sci. 2004 Jan 15;117(Pt 2):131-2 PMID: 14676268
  328. The Rgd1p Rho GTPase-activating protein and the Mid2p cell wall sensor are required at low pH for protein kinase C pathway activation and cell survival in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Aug;4(8):1375-86 PMID: 16087742
  329. MAP kinase phosphatase as a locus of flexibility in a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling network.
    Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1018-23 PMID: 12169734
  330. Coordination of the mating and cell integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):6517-25 PMID: 9343415
  331. Regulation of the mating pheromone and invasive growth responses in yeast by two MAP kinase substrates.
    Curr Biol. 1997 Apr 1;7(4):228-38 PMID: 9094309
  332. Dealing with osmostress through MAP kinase activation.
    EMBO Rep. 2002 Aug;3(8):735-40 PMID: 12151331
  333. The establishment, inheritance, and function of silenced chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72:481-516 PMID: 12676793
  334. Regulation of membrane protein transport by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-binding proteins.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2003;19:141-72 PMID: 14570567
  335. Differential regulation of FUS3 MAP kinase by tyrosine-specific phosphatases PTP2/PTP3 and dual-specificity phosphatase MSG5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1997 Jul 1;11(13):1690-702 PMID: 9224718
  336. Bni1p, a yeast formin linking cdc42p and the actin cytoskeleton during polarized morphogenesis.
    Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):118-22 PMID: 9082982
  337. The transcriptional program of sporulation in budding yeast.
    Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):699-705 PMID: 9784122
  338. Signaling in the yeast pheromone response pathway: specific and high-affinity interaction of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Kss1 and Fus3 with the upstream MAP kinase kinase Ste7.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Jul;16(7):3637-50 PMID: 8668180
  339. Protein-protein interaction affinity plays a crucial role in controlling the Sho1p-mediated signal transduction pathway in yeast.
    Mol Cell. 2004 Jun 18;14(6):813-23 PMID: 15200958
  340. Complexes between STE5 and components of the pheromone-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase module.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 2;91(16):7762-6 PMID: 8052657
  341. A docking site determining specificity of Pbs2 MAPKK for Ssk2/Ssk22 MAPKKKs in the yeast HOG pathway.
    EMBO J. 2003 Jul 15;22(14):3624-34 PMID: 12853477
  342. Phosphorelay-regulated degradation of the yeast Ssk1p response regulator by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;23(18):6662-71 PMID: 12944490
  343. Winged helix proteins.
    Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2000 Feb;10(1):110-6 PMID: 10679470
  344. Characterization of the basal and pheromone-stimulated phosphorylation states of Ste12p.
    Eur J Biochem. 1997 Apr 15;245(2):241-51 PMID: 9151949
  345. Pheromone signaling mechanisms in yeast: a prototypical sex machine.
    Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1508-9 PMID: 15567849
  346. The yeast STE12 protein binds to the DNA sequence mediating pheromone induction.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5703-7 PMID: 2668945
  347. Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000 Apr;12(2):186-92 PMID: 10712927
  348. Sst2, a negative regulator of pheromone signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression, localization, and genetic interaction and physical association with Gpa1 (the G-protein alpha subunit).
    Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Sep;16(9):5194-209 PMID: 8756677
  349. Signal transduction cascades regulating pseudohyphal differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Curr Opin Microbiol. 2000 Dec;3(6):567-72 PMID: 11121775
  350. Pheromone response, mating and cell biology.
    Curr Opin Microbiol. 2000 Dec;3(6):573-81 PMID: 11121776
  351. Mutation of the SPS1-encoded protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to defects in transcription and morphology during spore formation.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Sep 15;8(18):2162-75 PMID: 7958886
  352. Formin-induced actin cables are required for polarized recruitment of the Ste5 scaffold and high level activation of MAPK Fus3.
    J Cell Sci. 2005 Jul 1;118(Pt 13):2837-48 PMID: 15961405
  353. Spa2p functions as a scaffold-like protein to recruit the Mpk1p MAP kinase module to sites of polarized growth.
    Curr Biol. 2002 Oct 1;12(19):1698-703 PMID: 12361575
  354. The transcriptome and its translation during recovery from cell cycle arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Mar;2(3):191-204 PMID: 12684541
  355. Starting at the beginning, middle, and end: translation initiation in eukaryotes.
    Cell. 1997 Jun 13;89(6):831-8 PMID: 9200601
  356. Functional study of the Nha1p C-terminus: involvement in cell response to changes in external osmolarity.
    Curr Genet. 2006 Apr;49(4):229-36 PMID: 16402204
  357. GPA1, a haploid-specific essential gene, encodes a yeast homolog of mammalian G protein which may be involved in mating factor signal transduction.
    Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1011-9 PMID: 3113739
  358. Stress-induced map kinase Hog1 is part of transcription activation complexes.
    Mol Cell. 2001 Apr;7(4):767-77 PMID: 11336700
  359. SBF cell cycle regulator as a target of the yeast PKC-MAP kinase pathway.
    Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1781-4 PMID: 9065400
  360. A yeast operator overlaps an upstream activation site.
    Cell. 1987 Jul 31;50(3):369-77 PMID: 3301002
  361. Localized feedback phosphorylation of Ste5p scaffold by associated MAPK cascade.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 5;279(45):47391-401 PMID: 15322134
  362. The death effector domain protein PEA-15 prevents nuclear entry of ERK2 by inhibiting required interactions.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 26;279(13):12840-7 PMID: 14707138
  363. Effect of the pheromone-responsive G(alpha) and phosphatase proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the subcellular localization of the Fus3 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Feb;23(4):1135-50 PMID: 12556475
  364. Prm1p, a pheromone-regulated multispanning membrane protein, facilitates plasma membrane fusion during yeast mating.
    J Cell Biol. 2000 Oct 30;151(3):719-30 PMID: 11062271
  365. G proteins and pheromone signaling.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 2002;64:129-52 PMID: 11826266
  366. Crystal structures of MAP kinase p38 complexed to the docking sites on its nuclear substrate MEF2A and activator MKK3b.
    Mol Cell. 2002 Jun;9(6):1241-9 PMID: 12086621
  367. Kinase activity-dependent nuclear export opposes stress-induced nuclear accumulation and retention of Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Apr;10(4):1147-61 PMID: 10198063
  368. A two-component system that regulates an osmosensing MAP kinase cascade in yeast.
    Nature. 1994 May 19;369(6477):242-5 PMID: 8183345
  369. Dual role for membrane localization in yeast MAP kinase cascade activation and its contribution to signaling fidelity.
    Curr Biol. 2006 Mar 21;16(6):618-23 PMID: 16546088
  370. Osmotic activation of the HOG MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK.
    Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1702-5 PMID: 9180081
  371. Protein-protein interactions in the yeast pheromone response pathway: Ste5p interacts with all members of the MAP kinase cascade.
    Genetics. 1994 Nov;138(3):609-19 PMID: 7851759
  372. Glucose depletion rapidly inhibits translation initiation in yeast.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Mar;11(3):833-48 PMID: 10712503
  373. Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols.
    Genes Dev. 2006 May 1;20(9):1150-61 PMID: 16618799
  374. Recruitment of the Swi/Snf complex by Ste12-Tec1 promotes Flo8-Mss11-mediated activation of STA1 expression.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;24(21):9542-56 PMID: 15485921
  375. Regulated nucleo/cytoplasmic exchange of HOG1 MAPK requires the importin beta homologs NMD5 and XPO1.
    EMBO J. 1998 Oct 1;17(19):5606-14 PMID: 9755161
  376. Yeast mutant affected for viability upon nutrient starvation: characterization and cloning of the RVS161 gene.
    Yeast. 1991 Oct;7(7):727-43 PMID: 1776363
  377. Msn1p/Mss10p, Mss11p and Muc1p/Flo11p are part of a signal transduction pathway downstream of Mep2p regulating invasive growth and pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jan;31(1):103-16 PMID: 9987114
  378. Osmostress-induced changes in yeast gene expression.
    Mol Microbiol. 1992 Aug;6(15):2183-90 PMID: 1406258
  379. Adaptor functions of Cdc42, Ste50, and Sho1 in the yeast osmoregulatory HOG MAPK pathway.
    EMBO J. 2006 Jul 12;25(13):3033-44 PMID: 16778768
  380. SMK1, a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Sep 15;8(18):2151-61 PMID: 7958885
  381. Site-specific regulation of the GEF Cdc24p by the scaffold protein Far1p during yeast mating.
    EMBO J. 2004 Mar 10;23(5):1063-74 PMID: 14988725
  382. PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 lipids target proteins with polybasic clusters to the plasma membrane.
    Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1458-61 PMID: 17095657
  383. When the stress of your environment makes you go HOG wild.
    Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1511-2 PMID: 15567851
Article Info
Journal
Biochimica et biophysica acta
Abbr.
Biochim Biophys Acta
ISSN
0006-3002
Published
2007-08-00
Epub
2007-00-22
Pages
1311-40
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
0217513
PMCID
PMC2031910
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM021841 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM021841-33 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · T32 GM007232 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM07232 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM21841 · United States
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]