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PMID: 9841679 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Posttranscriptional control of gene expression in yeast.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR ·Vol. 62 ·No. 4 ·1998-12-00 ·Pages 1492-553

McCarthy JE

Abstract

Studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have greatly advanced our understanding of the posttranscriptional steps of eukaryotic gene expression. Given the wide range of experimental tools applicable to S. cerevisiae and the recent determination of its complete genomic sequence, many of the key challenges of the posttranscriptional control field can be tackled particularly effectively by using this organism. This article reviews the current knowledge of the cellular components and mechanisms related to translation and mRNA decay, with the emphasis on the molecular basis for rate control and gene regulation. Recent progress in characterizing translation factors and their protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions has been rapid. Against the background of a growing body of structural information, the review discusses the thermodynamic and kinetic principles that govern the translation process. As in prokaryotic systems, translational initiation is a key point of control. Modulation of the activities of translational initiation factors imposes global regulation in the cell, while structural features of particular 5' untranslated regions, such as upstream open reading frames and effector binding sites, allow for gene-specific regulation. Recent data have revealed many new details of the molecular mechanisms involved while providing insight into the functional overlaps and molecular networking that are apparently a key feature of evolving cellular systems. An overall picture of the mechanisms governing mRNA decay has only very recently begun to develop. The latest work has revealed new information about the mRNA decay pathways, the components of the mRNA degradation machinery, and the way in which these might relate to the translation apparatus. Overall, major challenges still to be addressed include the task of relating principles of posttranscriptional control to cellular compartmentalization and polysome structure and the role of molecular channelling in these highly complex expression systems.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Molecular Sequence Data Protein Biosynthesis RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional RNA, Fungal/metabolism RNA, Messenger/metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
RNA, Fungal RNA, Messenger
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
McCarthy J E
Posttranscriptional Control Group, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
Abbr.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
ISSN
1092-2172
DOI
10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1492-1553.1998
Email
[email protected]
Published
1998-12-00
Pages
1492-553
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9706653
PMCID
PMC98953
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1492-1553.1998 PMC Full Text View journal details
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